1other properties of Specific gravity
- Attracted to magnet
- reacts to acid
- electrical conductors
2part of a physical property of a mineral are:
- Metallic (galena and pyrite)
- Vitreous or glass (silicate)
- Pearly (talc)
- Dull (hematite)
- Greasy (halite)
- Silky (gypsum)
3common shapes of crystals include
- needle like (acicular)
- plant like (dentric)
- kidney-shape (reniform)
- bladed
- elongated in one direction (prismatic)
- tabular.
4enumerate the Field Hardness guide from Moh's hardness scale
1 Can be rubbed off a **finger**
2 Can be scratched with a **finger nail**
3 Can be scratched with a **coin**
4 Can be scratched with **difficulty with a knife**
5 Can be scratched with a **knife**
6 Can be scratched with a **piece of glass**
7 Can be scratched with a **piece of quartz**
8-10 **Minerals too hard to be included** in this scale
5Where do metamorphic rocks usually form?
1. Where magma intrudes relatively cool rock
2. Near colliding plates (near mountain ranges)
3. Places that are covered miles thick with other rock causing pressure
4. When hot water intrudes rock
5. Where a meteorite strikes Earth (rare)
6. Where lightning bolts strike rocks (rare)
6What is the specific gravity of silver
10.5
7What is the specific gravity of Lead
11.3
8What is the specific gravity of Lead
11.3
9What is the specific gravity of gold
19
10What is the specific gravity of copper
8.9
11extrusive, fine-grained, medium-colored rock
Andesite
12Sedimentary rocks are classified into 2 characteristics. What are these?
based on particle size and based on chemical composition
13Cleavage in two directions pud
calcite
14the water that seeps through space between particles may contain cementing materials that binds particle together.
cementation
15hardness property is dependent on
chemical composition and crystalline structure
16these rocks come from soluble materials produce largely by chemical weather.
Chemical sedimentary rocks
17describe fracture with smooth, curved surfaces that resemble the interior of a seashell
Chocoidal fracture
18depends how their constituent atoms are arranged
cleavage
19The shape minerals have when it breaks along relatively weak planes of the crystalline structure
cleavage
20mark those parts of the mineral where ions are connected by relatively weak ionic bonds and has specific surfaces of weakness
cleavage planes
21minerals may brake along
cleavage planes
22grains (crystal can be seen with bare eyes.
Coarse grained
23what are the types of particle size in classifying sedimentary rocks?
coarse, medium, fine,very fine
24Igneous rocks are divided into 3 textures. what are these
Coarse-grained, medium-grained, fine-grained
25include calcite, silica, iron oxide
common cements (cementation)
26sediments accumulate
Compaction
27materials are compacted by the weight of overlying layers.
compaction
28refers to the overall shape of crystal
crystal habit
29minerals are classified base on their crystal structure.
crystal structure
30physical properties of minerals include
crystal structure and crystal habit
31these rocks come from weathered rocks (e.g. igneous)
Detrimental sedimentary rocks
32What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks base on their resources
Detrimental sedimentary rocks, Chemical sedimentary rocks, Organic Sedimentary rocks
33intrusive, coarse-grained, medium-colored rock
Diorite
34Describe the cocept of rocks and minerals
EARTH MATERIALS can be categorized into ROCKS AND MINERALS, where both have economic values.
ROCKS has 3 types: IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY, and METAMORPHIC, where IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS can be transformed into METAMORPHIC ROCKS by HEAT AND PRESSURE. In addition, ROCK FORMATION follows its CYCLE.
MINERALS exhibit CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES used for IDENTIICATION
35Describe the cocept of rocks and minerals
EARTH MATERIALS can be categorized into ROCKS AND MINERALS, where both have economic values.
ROCKS has 3 types: IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY, and METAMORPHIC, where IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS can be transformed into METAMORPHIC ROCKS by HEAT AND PRESSURE. In addition, ROCK FORMATION follows its CYCLE.
MINERALS exhibit CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES used for IDENTIICATION
36Describe the cocept of rocks and minerals
EARTH MATERIALS can be categorized into ROCKS AND MINERALS, where both have economic values.
ROCKS has 3 types: IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY, and METAMORPHIC, where IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS can be transformed into METAMORPHIC ROCKS by HEAT AND PRESSURE. In addition, ROCK FORMATION follows its CYCLE.
MINERALS exhibit CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES used for IDENTIICATION
37Describe the cocept of rocks and minerals
EARTH MATERIALS can be categorized into ROCKS AND MINERALS, where both have economic values.
ROCKS has 3 types: IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY, and METAMORPHIC, where IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS can be transformed into METAMORPHIC ROCKS by HEAT AND PRESSURE. In addition, ROCK FORMATION follows its CYCLE.
MINERALS exhibit CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES used for IDENTIICATION
38molten rock solidifies on the surface (called lava)
Extrusive igneous rock (volcanic)
39What are the 2 types of igneous rocks
Extrusive igneous rock (volcanic) and Intrusive igneous rock (plutonic)
40ideal growth of minerals requires realistic conditions. true or false
false
41in Moh's scale of hardness, 1 is the hardest. true or false
false
42cleavage in two directions
Feldspar
43grains can only be seen through the microscope.
Fine-grained
44mineral grains are flattened and line up in parallel bands
foliated
45What are the 2 classifications of metamorphic rocks
Foliated and non-foliated
46gneiss formed from rearrangement of minerals in granite into bands
foliated/ foliation
47Irregular breakage of a mineral
Fracture
48intrusive, coarse-grained, dark-colored rock
Gabbro
49what is the parent rock of gnesis
granite
50Cleavage in three directions
Halite
51Scratches other stuff
hard mineral
52refers to the mineral resistance to scratch.
hardness
53This property is dependent on the chemical composition the crystalline structure
hardness
54Causes chemical reactions that result in recrystallization of existing minerals and formation of new minerals
Heat
55Rocks become metamorphic because of
Heat and pressure
56igneous and sedimentary rocks can be transformed into metamorphic rocks through
Heat and pressure
57Where latin ignis means fire
Igneous
58rocks that can be transformed into metamorphic rocks by heat and pressure
igneous and sedimentary rocks
59become metamorphic rocks when affected by heat and pressure
Igneous and Sedimentary rocks
60Basalt is an example of
igneous rock
61pumice is an example of
igneous rock
62where rocks form from volcanic activity
Igneous rocks
63-Consist mainly of silicon and oxygen (silica SiO2) and lesser amount of Aluminum (Al), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), Potassiom (K), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe)
Igneous rocks
64rocks that become sediments through weathering, transportation or deposition
Igneous rocks
65What are the 3 types of rocks
igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
66When metamorphic rocks undergoes melting process
it becomes magma
67what happens when magma undergoes cooling and crystallization
it forms igneous rocks
68Minerals exhibit 2 things for identification. What are these
its characterisitics and features
69composed of feldspar and quarts (e.g. granite, rhyolite)
light-colored
70What are the 3 mineral compositions of igneous rocks
light-colored, medium-colored, dark-colored
71sediments are transformed into solid sedimentary rocks
Lithification
72sediments become sedimentary rocks through the process of
lithification (compacting/cementing)
73Indicates how light is reflected off a surface of a mineral.
Luster
74part of a physical property of a mineral
luster
75molten rock generated by partial melting of rocks in Earth’s mantle
magma
76e.g. diorite, andesite
medium-colored
77grains can only be seen through a hand lens.
Medium-grained
78comes from pre-existing rock called parent rocks
Metamorphic rocks
79other metamorphic agents of metamorphic rocks
metamorphic rocks are chemically-active fluids and acts as catalyst to promote crystallization (e.g. H2O, CO2)
80Igneous rocks can become
metamorphic rocks when affected by heat and pressure
or sediments through weathering, transportation, or deposition
81is based on the chemical makeup of the parent magma
Mineral composition
82Rare and used to make jewelry. it comes in different colors**
Mineral Gems
83The study of minerals
MINERALOGY
84are substances formed naturally in the Earth.
Minerals
85formed naturally by geological processes usually: solid, inorganic, have a crytsal structure
minerals
86can be made of single chemical element or a compound (usually)
minerals
87The Harder one scratches the softer one
Moh’s Hardness Scale
88If your mineral scratches the other, the mineral is harder
If your mineral is scratched by the other, the mineral is softer
Moh’s Hardness Scale
89cleavage in one direction
muscovite
90marble formed from limestone
non-foliated
91No bands are formed
non-foliated
92formed at the depth of the surface
ntrusive igneous rock (plutonic)
93light cannot pass through
Opaque (hematite)
95forms from the remains of organisms
Organic Sedimentary rocks
96metamorphic rock comes from pre-existing rock called:
parent rocks
97causes the spaces between mineral grains in the buried rocks to
close producing more compact rock with higher density.
pressure
98Earth materials can be categorized into two things where both have economic values. What are these?
Rocks and Minerals
99extrusive, fine-grained, light-colored rock
Ryholite
100rocks that become sediments through uplift, weathering, transportation or deposition
Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
101Sandstone is an example of
sedimentary rock
102Gypsum is an example of
sedimentary rock
103undergoes lithification to form sedimentry rocks
sediments
104what is the parent rock of slate
shale
105leaves mark or gets grooved
soft mineral
106rotation of its weight compared with the weight of water (equal volume)
Specific gravity
107means layer or layers of sedimentary rocks
Strata
108You can do streak test plate (back side of a porcelain tile)
streak
109refers to the color of mineral in powdered form
streak
110overall appearance of rock based on size, shape and arrangement of interlocking crystals.
texture
111igneous rocks are characterized by their
texture and composition
112in between transparent and opaque
Translucent (jadeite)
113allows some light to pass trough and objects cannot be clearly seen to it
Translucent (jadeite)
114allows light to pass through and see through objects
Transparent (muscovite)
1153 types of minerals
transparent (muscovite), Opaque (hematite), Translucent (jadeite)
116ideal growth of minerals requires ideal conditions. true or false
true
117in Moh's scale of hardness, 10 is the hardest. true or false
true
118Describe Rock cycle
When magma undergoes cooling and crystallization, it forms igneous rocks
When sediments undergo weathering, transportation, or deposition, it becomes an igneous rock
When Igneous and Sedimentary rocks are affected by heat and pressure, it becomes a metamorphic rock
When sedimentary and metamorphic rocks undergo uplift, weathering, transportation or depositioncan, it become sediments
When sediments undergoes a process of lithification (compacting/cementing), it becomes sedimentary rocks
When metamorphic rocks undergoes melting process, it becomes magma