1Data Link Layer
Facilitates communication between network interface cards.
2Layer 2 Frames
Encapsulates Layer 3 packets for transmission.
3Error Detection
Identifies and rejects corrupt data frames.
4IEEE 802 Standards
Defines protocols for various network types.
5Logical Link Control (LLC)
Manages communication between software and hardware.
6Media Access Control (MAC)
Handles data encapsulation and media access.
7Router Functions
Accepts, de-encapsulates, re-encapsulates, and forwards frames.
8Physical Topology
Shows actual physical connections between devices.
9Logical Topology
Describes virtual connections using IP addressing.
10Point-to-Point Topology
Direct link between two network endpoints.
11Hub and Spoke Topology
Central site connects multiple branch sites.
12Mesh Topology
Every node connects to every other node.
13Half-Duplex Communication
One device sends or receives at a time.
14Full-Duplex Communication
Devices transmit and receive simultaneously.
15Contention-Based Access
Nodes compete for access to the medium.
16CSMA/CD
Collision detection method for Ethernet LANs.
17CSMA/CA
Collision avoidance method for WLANs.
18Data Link Frame
Encapsulated data with header and trailer.
19Frame Fields
Control information varies by access method.
20Layer 2 Addresses
Physical addresses for local frame delivery.
21Ethernet Protocol
Common data link protocol for LANs.
22802.11 Wireless
Standard for wireless local area networks.
23Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
Used for direct connections over serial links.
24High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
Bit-oriented protocol for point-to-point connections.
25Frame-Relay
Packet switching technology for WANs.
26Network Interface Card (NIC)
Hardware for connecting devices to networks.
27Data Link Layer Functions
Prepares data for physical network transmission.
28Access Control Methods
Regulates how devices access the medium.
29Bus Topology
All devices connected in a single line.
30Ring Topology
Devices connected in a closed loop.