ch 11 Urinary system

mineral salt of the body that carries an electrical charge and regulates nerve impulses muscle contraction, hydration and blood PH

fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into bowman capsule

product of protein metabolism that includes urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia

sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow

serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs witin the cavity

expresses alkilinity or acidity of a solution

liquid portion of blood that is filtered by nephrons to remove dissolved wastes

2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra

-eliminate nitrogenous products
-secrete erythropoietin (from bone marrow, stimulates production of red blood cells when O2 is low)
-location is retroperitoneal (outside of the peritoneum)

protein albumin

nitrogenous compounds
azotemia is when kidneys fail to excrete nitrogenous comp

bacteria
Bacteriuria is when theres bacteria in the urine

baldder
cystoscope
vesicocele (hernia swelling)

glomerulus
glomeropathy

ketone bodies (acids and acetones)

stone
calculus

opening metus

kidney

night

scanty

pus

renal pelvis

urine urinary tract

ureter

urethra

forming producing origin

abnormal condition produced by something specified

urine

through across

backward behind

absence of urine production or output

blockage at base of bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra

prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissue btw bladder and vagina

kidney disease where there is little to no kidney function requiring patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival

involuntary discharge of urine
Incontinence

abnormal passage form hallow organ to surface or from one organ to the other

abnormal dilation of renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys caused by pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past obstruction in the urinary tract

chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and not responsive to antibiotic therapy also called painful bladder syndrome

loss of large amounts if plasma protein, usually albumin thru urine due to increased permeability of the glomerular membrane

impairment of bladder control as result of brain spinal cord or nerve damage

inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in kidneys

infection of the kidney usually b/c infection in the bladder or urethra and acends the ureters to kidneys

infection of bacterial origin in any part of the urinary tract incl kidney, bladder, or urethritis

disorder caused by failure of urine to pass through ureters to the bladder usually as result of impairment of the valve between ureter and bladder obstruction in the ureter

rapidly developing malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in children usually
nephroblastoma

mesures contraction of muscles that controls urination using electrodes placed in rectum and urethra

examination of urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, to obtain biopsies of tumors or other growths, or to remove polyps

test that determines amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea, waste product of protein metabolism

test determines causitive organisms of infection and idenifies how organism responds to certain antibiotics

urine screening test that includes physical observation chemical tests and microscopic evaluation

noninvasive test that uses high frequencies to produce images of bladder before and after urination to check urinary retention

imaging of urinary tract after IV injection of contrast medium also called excretory

Nuclear imaging using tracer injected to produce images of the kidneys

x ray of bladder + urethra preformed before during and after voiding and usig contrast medium to enhance imaging

replacement of discarded kidney with one that is supplied by compatible donor (family member or cadaver)

opening created between the skin and kidney to drain urine through a tube to a collecting receptacle outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so

insertion of thin tube into ureter to prevent treat or obstruction of urine flow from kidney

filtering procedure removes fluid and waste products from the blood and corrects for electrolyte imbalances

artificial kidney machine recieves waste filled blood, filters it with dialysate, then returnes to dialyzed (clean) blood to patient

toxic substances removed from body by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by performing (flushing) the peritoneal cavity with a warm sterile chemical solution

treats bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes
ciprofloxacin
sulfamethoxazole
trimethoprim

decrese spasms in urethra and bladder by relaxing smooth muscles lining their walls
allowing normal emptying of the blatter
tolterodine
solifenacin

promote/ inc excretion of urine
furosemide
spironolactone

replace potassium after depletion caused by diuretics
potassium chloride

acute tubular necrosis

bladder neck syndorme

blood urea nitrogen

culture and sensitivity

cystoscopy

electromyogram

end stage renal disease

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

interstitial cystitis

intravenous pyelogram

percutaneous nephrelithotomy

polycystic kidney disease

transurethral resection of bladder tumor

urinalysis

ultrasound

urinary tract infection

voiding cystourethrography

vesicouretral reflux