Elizabeth
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How was Elizabeth treated after her mother died?
Deglected & ilegitimate Child
3
How was Elizabeth an Exceptional Student?
She was Fluent in French, Italian, Latin and Greek at Young Age (12)
4
What Religion did King Edward Follow?
Protestant
5
Who did Mary marry and what was the Reaction of the English?
King Philip of Spain (Catholic)
Very Unpopular
Very Unpopular
6
How many Protestant Martyrs were Burned at the Stake under Mary's orders?
Over 300
7
Who did Philip want Elizabeth to marry?
Duke of Savoy Catholic Prince
8
When did Elizabeth become Queen and when was she crowned?
Became Queen 17 November 1558
Crowned 15 January 1559
Crowned 15 January 1559
9
What were the Key Features of Elizabeth's Early Reign for Culture?
Fan of Plays & Encouraged people such as William Shakespeare & The Globe Theatre.
Loved Dancing & Music.
She opened New Grammar Schools & Universities. Boys from Rich families had more Opportunities for Education than ever before.
Loved Dancing & Music.
She opened New Grammar Schools & Universities. Boys from Rich families had more Opportunities for Education than ever before.
10
What were the Key Features of Elizabeth's Early Reign for Public Image?
She Create the Image 'Virgin Queen' & Spoke of Only Being Married to England. She Understood Importance of being Popular with her Subjects.
She Controlled Her Public Image and Portrait Painters Used A Template and therefore she Always Looked Young and Strong as her Farther Had.
She was Aware of Dangers around herm
Number of Plots to Overthrow Her that had Support From Catholics at Home and Abroad. Because of her Disputed Line to Throne & Competition from Cousin Mary Queen of Scots who was Imprisoned & Executed Later.
She Controlled Her Public Image and Portrait Painters Used A Template and therefore she Always Looked Young and Strong as her Farther Had.
She was Aware of Dangers around herm
Number of Plots to Overthrow Her that had Support From Catholics at Home and Abroad. Because of her Disputed Line to Throne & Competition from Cousin Mary Queen of Scots who was Imprisoned & Executed Later.
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What were the Key Features of Elizabeth's Early Reign for her Skills (Public Image)?
Good at Winning People Over with Persuasive Speeches & Arguments.
Kepes Cards Close to her Chest.
Intelligent & Usually Well Educated for Women at Time.
She Inspired her Army & Navy.
Clever & Astute at Dealing with Men & Not Easily Manipulated
Kepes Cards Close to her Chest.
Intelligent & Usually Well Educated for Women at Time.
She Inspired her Army & Navy.
Clever & Astute at Dealing with Men & Not Easily Manipulated
12
What were the Key Features of Elizabeth's Early Reign for Exploration?
She Funded Exploration if the 'New World' finding Wealth like Spain which made Spain Powerful.
She wanted to Expand Empire.
Drake & Raleigh were Important Privateers.
She wanted to Expand Empire.
Drake & Raleigh were Important Privateers.
13
What were the Key Features of Elizabeth's Early Reign for Religion?
She a wanted a 'Middle Way' Between Protestants & Catholics
& this was later known as a 'Settlement'.
She Disliked Extreme Religious Views.
1580s she Cracked Down on Catholics as she Feared they would help her Enemies such as Spain. Catholics were Executed For Treason.
Purtians Free to get on With Their Own Lives but Punished If They Criticised Elizabeth's Treatment of Catholics
She was Careful To Make Good Decisions Early On & Surrounded By Good Advisorses.
Such as Francis Walsingham who Set Up a Network Spies Who Collected Information & Protected Queen From Catholic Plots & Rebellions Often Supported From Abroad.
& this was later known as a 'Settlement'.
She Disliked Extreme Religious Views.
1580s she Cracked Down on Catholics as she Feared they would help her Enemies such as Spain. Catholics were Executed For Treason.
Purtians Free to get on With Their Own Lives but Punished If They Criticised Elizabeth's Treatment of Catholics
She was Careful To Make Good Decisions Early On & Surrounded By Good Advisorses.
Such as Francis Walsingham who Set Up a Network Spies Who Collected Information & Protected Queen From Catholic Plots & Rebellions Often Supported From Abroad.
14
What were the Key Features of Elizabeth's Early Reign for Marriage?
Never Married but Concerns that Without An Heir her Reign would Always Be Challenged By Other Claimants
Turn Down Earls, Dukes and King Of Spain but Kept Many Favourites.
Turn Down Earls, Dukes and King Of Spain but Kept Many Favourites.
15
What were the Key Features of Elizabeth's Early Reign for Relations With Who?
She Tried Hard to Avoid War with France & Spain as She was Keen To Avoid Bloodshed Where Possible.
In 1588 England with threatened by Spanish Armada.
In 1588 England with threatened by Spanish Armada.
16
What were the Key Features Of Court and their Role?
Group Of People Who Lived In or Near the Same Palace or House As the Monarch.
The court was Mostly Made Up Of Members Of the Courtier- they were Monarchs, Key Servants/Advisors or Friends
Attending Court Required Monarchs Permission.
Role
• Entertain & Advise Monarch
• Public Display of Wealth & Power
• Courtiers had Influence With Monarch Rather Than Actual Power
The court was Mostly Made Up Of Members Of the Courtier- they were Monarchs, Key Servants/Advisors or Friends
Attending Court Required Monarchs Permission.
Role
• Entertain & Advise Monarch
• Public Display of Wealth & Power
• Courtiers had Influence With Monarch Rather Than Actual Power
17
What were the Key Features Of Privy Council and their Role?
Made up of Leading Nobility, Advisors, Nobels and Very Senior Government Officials.
Approximately 19 members Chosen by Monarch. Met 3 Times a Week with Monarch.
Roles
• Debated Current Issues & Advise Monarch on Government Policy
• Make Sure Monarchs Descions are Carried Out
• Oversaw, Law & Order, Government, Security of England
• Monitard JP's (Justice if the Peace)
• Monitard Action of Parliament
Approximately 19 members Chosen by Monarch. Met 3 Times a Week with Monarch.
Roles
• Debated Current Issues & Advise Monarch on Government Policy
• Make Sure Monarchs Descions are Carried Out
• Oversaw, Law & Order, Government, Security of England
• Monitard JP's (Justice if the Peace)
• Monitard Action of Parliament
18
What were the Key Features Of Parliment and their Role?
Made up of House of Lords
(included bishops) & House of Commons.
Parliament could Only Be Called and Dismissed By Monarch & this Only Happened 10 Times in her Reign.
Elections Held Before Each New Parliament, Very Few could Vote.
Role
• Grant Extraordinary Taxation
(occasional, additional taxation to pay for unexpected expenses e.g war)
• Passed Laws
• Offered Advice to Monarch
(included bishops) & House of Commons.
Parliament could Only Be Called and Dismissed By Monarch & this Only Happened 10 Times in her Reign.
Elections Held Before Each New Parliament, Very Few could Vote.
Role
• Grant Extraordinary Taxation
(occasional, additional taxation to pay for unexpected expenses e.g war)
• Passed Laws
• Offered Advice to Monarch
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What were the Key Features Of Lords Lieutenant and their Role?
Each County had a Lord Lieutenant Chosen By Monarch. They Were Members Of Nobelity & the Often On Privy Council.
Essential to Maintaining Monarchs Power and England's Defences.
Roles
• In Charge Of Raising & Training Local Militia
• Oversaw Enforcement of Policies
• Part of Local Government
Essential to Maintaining Monarchs Power and England's Defences.
Roles
• In Charge Of Raising & Training Local Militia
• Oversaw Enforcement of Policies
• Part of Local Government
20
What were the Key Features Of Justices of The Peace and their Role?
Large Landowners who kept Law & Order in their Local Areas. Unapid, Reported to Privy Council.
Popular Job as Position of Power.
Roles
• Make Sure All Social & Ecanomic Polices Carried Out
• Heard Country Court Cases Every 3 Months For More Serious Crimes
• Part of Local Government
Popular Job as Position of Power.
Roles
• Make Sure All Social & Ecanomic Polices Carried Out
• Heard Country Court Cases Every 3 Months For More Serious Crimes
• Part of Local Government
21
What were Elizabeth's Problems/Challenges in 1558?
• Choosing Her Privy Councillors
• Financial Weaknesses
• Challenges From Abroad
• Religious Divisions
• Gender
• Lwgitimacy
• Marriage & Succession
• Settlement if Religion
• Financial Weaknesses
• Challenges From Abroad
• Religious Divisions
• Gender
• Lwgitimacy
• Marriage & Succession
• Settlement if Religion
22
How was Choosing Her Privy Councillors a Problem/Challenges for Elizabeth 1558?
They Were Responsible for the Crown's Finances & Spending & Met Frequently so She Had To Get It Right..
She Appointed Sir William Cecil
(Secretary of State) and the Rest Of Her Council quickly, Approximately 20 but she was Cautious & Sensitive In Her Choices.
Kept 10 men who had Considerable Influence & Served under Mary. She Chose the Rest From Her Relatives & Trusted Colleagues and it Was One Of the Successes of her Reign
She Appointed Sir William Cecil
(Secretary of State) and the Rest Of Her Council quickly, Approximately 20 but she was Cautious & Sensitive In Her Choices.
Kept 10 men who had Considerable Influence & Served under Mary. She Chose the Rest From Her Relatives & Trusted Colleagues and it Was One Of the Successes of her Reign
23
How was Financial Weaknessesa Problem/Challenges for Elizabeth 1558?
Crown Was Expected to Pay for All Costs of Running of Country, Including her Court & Royal Household Courts from Their Own Revenue.
If they Needed Extra Money, they Asked Parliament for Extra Taxes
In 1558 The Royal Finances had Lost A Lot Of Money By the War in France With Debt of £300 Thousand.
So E Severely Cut Back Government Spending & Made Sure All Debts were Paid By Selling Crown Lands.
By 1558 she paid of Mary's Debt & Built up Spare £300 Thoudand
If they Needed Extra Money, they Asked Parliament for Extra Taxes
In 1558 The Royal Finances had Lost A Lot Of Money By the War in France With Debt of £300 Thousand.
So E Severely Cut Back Government Spending & Made Sure All Debts were Paid By Selling Crown Lands.
By 1558 she paid of Mary's Debt & Built up Spare £300 Thoudand
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How was Challenges From Abroada Problem/Challenges for Elizabeth 1558?
Scotland:Mary Queen of Scots who has Strong Links With France as she Lived Their, & French Soldiers in Scotland so could Face a Double Attack.
Spain: Most Power & Wealthy Country, Very Catholic & Commited to Preventing Protestantism.
France: 1558 France was at War with Both England & Spain. France had Direct Interest in England.
As France was Catholic Country many thought Mary Queen of Scots should be Queen. So France had a Motive for Invading.
Elizabeth has 2 Options:
1) Continue with WarMilitary Victory Would Be Popular, Calais would be Reagained & Would End Danger of Invasion & Making Peace would Look Weak.
2) Peace with France with No Interest In Continuing The War & Could Not Afford it.
Farming Communities Could Not Spare Men For Fighting.
Decided to Make Peace With France in January 1559 /Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis and Calais Would Be Lost Forever.
Elizabeth Spent £100 Thousand at the Start Of her Reign on Military Arms and Weapons which Required Taking Out Massive Loans.
This was the Clearest Example that Elizabeth saw Invasion as One Of Her Biggest Problems that she Faced.
Spain: Most Power & Wealthy Country, Very Catholic & Commited to Preventing Protestantism.
France: 1558 France was at War with Both England & Spain. France had Direct Interest in England.
As France was Catholic Country many thought Mary Queen of Scots should be Queen. So France had a Motive for Invading.
Elizabeth has 2 Options:
1) Continue with WarMilitary Victory Would Be Popular, Calais would be Reagained & Would End Danger of Invasion & Making Peace would Look Weak.
2) Peace with France with No Interest In Continuing The War & Could Not Afford it.
Farming Communities Could Not Spare Men For Fighting.
Decided to Make Peace With France in January 1559 /Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis and Calais Would Be Lost Forever.
Elizabeth Spent £100 Thousand at the Start Of her Reign on Military Arms and Weapons which Required Taking Out Massive Loans.
This was the Clearest Example that Elizabeth saw Invasion as One Of Her Biggest Problems that she Faced.
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How was Challenges From Religious Divisionsa Problem/Challenges for Elizabeth 1558?
Religious Rollercoaster- Henry VIII (8) Changed from Catholic to Protestant then Switched Back to Catholic During Mary I's Reign.
Mary had Burnt Over 300 Martyrs who Refused Change Belief.
Elizabeth had to Consider Threats from Abroad & Pope could Excommunicate her. Which could Lead to Religious Crusage to Overthrow her.
Half of Country were Catholic Most in North.
Elizabeth was Protestant so Were Majority Of Her Advisorses.
She Worshipped Privately then Drew Up her Religious Settlement- a Compramise.
Mary had Burnt Over 300 Martyrs who Refused Change Belief.
Elizabeth had to Consider Threats from Abroad & Pope could Excommunicate her. Which could Lead to Religious Crusage to Overthrow her.
Half of Country were Catholic Most in North.
Elizabeth was Protestant so Were Majority Of Her Advisorses.
She Worshipped Privately then Drew Up her Religious Settlement- a Compramise.
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How was Challenges From Gender a Problem/Challenges for Elizabeth 1558?
Believed Women Should Not Be Rulers & were Silent, Obedient & Domestic. Seen as Too Weak.
It Would Take Time To Prove She Was A Good Ruler as Marrying Would Mean Handing Power Over to her Husband.
It Would Take Time To Prove She Was A Good Ruler as Marrying Would Mean Handing Power Over to her Husband.
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How was Challenges From Legitimacya Problem/Challenges for Elizabeth 1558?
Questioned Elizabeth's Legitimacy Due To Henry's Father Divorcing Prior To Marrying Elizabeth's mother.
Henry 8th had divorced Catherine of Aragon and Married Anne Boleyn (Liz Mum). Pope refused to Recognise this Divorce.
When Anne Boleyn was executed in 1536, Henry excluded Elizabeth from the Succession, He Did Not Reverse This Decision.
Even Marriage and Children would not change this view of her legitimacy
Henry 8th had divorced Catherine of Aragon and Married Anne Boleyn (Liz Mum). Pope refused to Recognise this Divorce.
When Anne Boleyn was executed in 1536, Henry excluded Elizabeth from the Succession, He Did Not Reverse This Decision.
Even Marriage and Children would not change this view of her legitimacy
28
How was Challenges From Marriage & Successiona Problem/Challenges for Elizabeth 1558?
Expected Elizabeth to Marry Quickly to Provide Stability
BUT
If she married an English Nobleman it could cause Anger & Jealousy Among Other Nobels.
Marrying foreigner was also Large Problem so she Decided To Remain Loyal To her Country and Not Marry.
BUT
If she married an English Nobleman it could cause Anger & Jealousy Among Other Nobels.
Marrying foreigner was also Large Problem so she Decided To Remain Loyal To her Country and Not Marry.
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How was Challenges From Creating Peace & Prosperitya Problem/Challenges for Elizabeth 1558?
Quality Of Harvest & Epidemics Of Diseases Affected People's Prosperity.
This could not be controlled by the Monarch but She Was Anxious About Food Riots & Social Unrest After Bad Harvest In 1550s also she Could Not Control Bad Weather.
This could not be controlled by the Monarch but She Was Anxious About Food Riots & Social Unrest After Bad Harvest In 1550s also she Could Not Control Bad Weather.
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How was Challenges From Settlement of Religion a Problem/Challenges for Elizabeth 1558? When was Reformation
Religion was Key in Elizabeth England in the 16th century.
English Reformation Began in 1532 when Henry 8th Created the Church Of England & Europe was Divided.
Elizabeth Feared Conflicts Spreading through Europe would end up Spreading to England.
Catholics believed Elizabeth was a Illegitimate and the Catholic Alternative was Mary Queen of Scots.
• England's Bishops were Catholic.Changing Religion needed an Act of Parliament.
The HOC the Likely To Agree With Elizabeth, but not the Catholic Bishops in the HOL.
• Geographical Divisions Parts of England were more Catholic than Others. These Areas Tended to be Further Away from London & The More Community More Likely to be Catholic.
• Purtians (extreme Protestants) Escaped Into Exile In More Tolerant Protestant States, but Returned to England when Elizabeth came to Throne, As Much More Committed. Protestants with more extreme Protestant Bliefs.
They Wanted To Purify The Christian Religion Manage Their Own Church and Ideal World Was There Was No Role for Monarch.
English Reformation Began in 1532 when Henry 8th Created the Church Of England & Europe was Divided.
Elizabeth Feared Conflicts Spreading through Europe would end up Spreading to England.
Catholics believed Elizabeth was a Illegitimate and the Catholic Alternative was Mary Queen of Scots.
• England's Bishops were Catholic.Changing Religion needed an Act of Parliament.
The HOC the Likely To Agree With Elizabeth, but not the Catholic Bishops in the HOL.
• Geographical Divisions Parts of England were more Catholic than Others. These Areas Tended to be Further Away from London & The More Community More Likely to be Catholic.
• Purtians (extreme Protestants) Escaped Into Exile In More Tolerant Protestant States, but Returned to England when Elizabeth came to Throne, As Much More Committed. Protestants with more extreme Protestant Bliefs.
They Wanted To Purify The Christian Religion Manage Their Own Church and Ideal World Was There Was No Role for Monarch.
31
Define The Reformation Where did it begin first and what date and when did it Come to England & under which Monarch?
Changing of the Religion from Catholic to Protestant.
It Began in Germany in 1517 as a Protestant Against a Corrupt Catholic Church.
The English Reformation happened in 1534 Under Henry VII.
It Began in Germany in 1517 as a Protestant Against a Corrupt Catholic Church.
The English Reformation happened in 1534 Under Henry VII.
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Which Monarchs of England are on this Pendulum of Religion? 
33
why was there Religious Turmoil in England?
The Monarchs Previous to Elizabeth had Different Ideas About Religion which Created Conflict and Rebellion because of the Changes.
Henry VIII, Edward VI & Mary Tudor.
Henry VIII, Edward VI & Mary Tudor.
34
What was the Hierarchy of Towns?
35
What was the Hierarchy of Countryside?
36
What Religious Threats Were there From Abroad & what could it mean?
Because France and Spain were a Powerful Catholic Countries.
The Pope was Very Important. If he Excommunicated Her it would make it Open for her to be Overthrown.
The Pope was Very Important. If he Excommunicated Her it would make it Open for her to be Overthrown.
37
What Difficulties would Religious Change Present for England?
Were Catholics, Protestants & Puritans and she Needed to Make Them All Happy
38
What kind of Church did Catholics want?
• Priests Should NOT Allowed to Marry
• Priests Should Wear Colourful, Richly Decorated Vestments
• Cardinals, Archbishops & Bishops Help Pope Rule Church
• Bible Read by Priests in Latin
• Churches Finely Decorated Altar Cloths, Colourful Wall Paintings & Statues.
• Pope True Head of Church
• Non-Belivers or Those with Different Beliefs should be Burned
• Latin Mass Miracles- Bread & Wine Transformed Into Body and Blood of Christ Through the Powers Of the Priest
• Priests Should Wear Colourful, Richly Decorated Vestments
• Cardinals, Archbishops & Bishops Help Pope Rule Church
• Bible Read by Priests in Latin
• Churches Finely Decorated Altar Cloths, Colourful Wall Paintings & Statues.
• Pope True Head of Church
• Non-Belivers or Those with Different Beliefs should be Burned
• Latin Mass Miracles- Bread & Wine Transformed Into Body and Blood of Christ Through the Powers Of the Priest
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What kind of Church did Purtians want?
• No Music in Church
• Ministers Wear Plain Black Gowns NOT Vestments- they believed they weren't special but wanted them to stand out
• Worshipers Make Their Own Rules for Their Churches
• Ordinary People as Well as Church Ministers Should be Allowed to Preach
• Churches Should Be as Plain as Possible.
• No Role for Monarch or Pope as Head of Church
• Bible in English, Services in English with Communion.
Blood & Wine Remain Same & Jesus Spiritually Present.
• Ministers Wear Plain Black Gowns NOT Vestments- they believed they weren't special but wanted them to stand out
• Worshipers Make Their Own Rules for Their Churches
• Ordinary People as Well as Church Ministers Should be Allowed to Preach
• Churches Should Be as Plain as Possible.
• No Role for Monarch or Pope as Head of Church
• Bible in English, Services in English with Communion.
Blood & Wine Remain Same & Jesus Spiritually Present.
40
What kind of Church did Protestants want?
• Priests should Wear Vestments but Not Too Richly Decorative
• Monarch Head of Church
• Archbishops & Bishops Help Monarch to Govern Church
• No Wall Paintings or Statues but Some Modest Decorations Allowed in Churches
• Bible in English & Services in English. Holy Communion Bread & Wine Symbolic of Body & Blood of Christ.
• Monarch Head of Church
• Archbishops & Bishops Help Monarch to Govern Church
• No Wall Paintings or Statues but Some Modest Decorations Allowed in Churches
• Bible in English & Services in English. Holy Communion Bread & Wine Symbolic of Body & Blood of Christ.
41
What kind of Church did Purtians & Moderate Protestants want?
• Priests Should Be Allowed To Marry
• Bible in English So Everyone Can Understand
• Non-Belivers or Those with Different Beliefs Should be Punished
• Bread & Wine Taken During Communion. Helps to Remember Sacrifice of Jesus Made so Should be in English.
• Bible in English So Everyone Can Understand
• Non-Belivers or Those with Different Beliefs Should be Punished
• Bread & Wine Taken During Communion. Helps to Remember Sacrifice of Jesus Made so Should be in English.
42
What kind of Church did Catholic & Moderate Protestants want?
Hymns Should be Sung & Church Organs Played 
43
What Type of Church did they all want?
Jesus Christ Died for the Sins of Mankind.
44
What are Three Parts of Elizabeth's Religious Settlement & Dates? IMPORTANT
• Act of Supremecy 1558
• The Act of Uniformity 1559
• Royal Injunctions 1559
• The Act of Uniformity 1559
• Royal Injunctions 1559
45
What was the Act of Supremecy 1558? IMPORTANT
Made Elizabeth The Supreme Governor of the Church and All Church Officials In England were Required to Take an Oath Of Obedience to Elizabeth.
An Priestly High Commission had the Job of Maintaining Discipline In the Church and Inforcing the Settlement
Members of the Clergy Whose Loyalty was in Doubt Could Be Punished.
An Priestly High Commission had the Job of Maintaining Discipline In the Church and Inforcing the Settlement
Members of the Clergy Whose Loyalty was in Doubt Could Be Punished.
46
What was the The Act of Uniformity 1559? (Used in all Churches) IMPORTANT
It Established the Appearance of Churches and Form of Services They Held
Book of Common Prayer Had to be Used in All Churches. Clergy had to use Wording of the Prayer Book In Services or Punished.
Everyone Had to Attend Church on Sunday & Holy Days
People who refused (Recusants) Fined 1 Shilling. (Most Labours Couldn't Afford Fine)
Priests Had to Wear Vestments
Book of Common Prayer Had to be Used in All Churches. Clergy had to use Wording of the Prayer Book In Services or Punished.
Everyone Had to Attend Church on Sunday & Holy Days
People who refused (Recusants) Fined 1 Shilling. (Most Labours Couldn't Afford Fine)
Priests Had to Wear Vestments
47
What was the Royal Injunctions 1559? & Who was it Issued byIMPORTANT
A Set instructions issued by Sir William Cecil on behalf of the Queen to the Clergy to Help Establish thy acts of Supermacy & Uniformity.
• All Clergy Had to Teach Royal Supremecy
• People Who Didn't Attend Church Were Reported to Privy Council
• Every Parish Had to Have a Copy of English Bible
• Nobody could Preach Without Government Licence
• Pilgrimages for 'Fake' Miracles were Banned (gave idea that Mirecles were possible to please Catholics)
• Images were Allowed to Keep Churches Looking Familiar
• Priests Wear Special Vestments
• All Clergy Had to Teach Royal Supremecy
• People Who Didn't Attend Church Were Reported to Privy Council
• Every Parish Had to Have a Copy of English Bible
• Nobody could Preach Without Government Licence
• Pilgrimages for 'Fake' Miracles were Banned (gave idea that Mirecles were possible to please Catholics)
• Images were Allowed to Keep Churches Looking Familiar
• Priests Wear Special Vestments
48
Define Clergy
Group of Religious Officials who Could Conduct Religious Services
(as priests, ministers)
(as priests, ministers)
49
Why did the Religious Settlement Establish a Protestant Church?
Elizabeth wanted to Compromise- a Church the Catholics in Particular Would Accept. She Didn't Want To Force Their Loyalty to Religion Or Queen.
But She Hoped the Catholic Faith Would Fade Away As the Clergy Died Out.
She didn't want a Puritan Religion as it would Turn Catholics Against Her. Also Some Puritans believed in certain circumstances they had the right over Throw their Monarchs.
But She Hoped the Catholic Faith Would Fade Away As the Clergy Died Out.
She didn't want a Puritan Religion as it would Turn Catholics Against Her. Also Some Puritans believed in certain circumstances they had the right over Throw their Monarchs.
50
What Change to the Head of the church and the Bishops did the Settlement Cause and what Impact did it have?
Changes
• Elizabeth Became 'Supreme Governor'
• Bishops Run Church
• Judges/Government Officials/MPs/Clergy Took Oath Accepting Title
If they Refused=Imprisoned
Refused 3x= executed
Impact
• Catholics could still tell themselves that Pope was Head of Church
• All but one of Mary's Catholic Bishops Resigned instead of Taking the Oath
• She appointed 27 New Bishops and Could appoint Protestant Bishops but Shortage of Qualified Protestant Clergy (only 1 stayed)
• Elizabeth Became 'Supreme Governor'
• Bishops Run Church
• Judges/Government Officials/MPs/Clergy Took Oath Accepting Title
If they Refused=Imprisoned
Refused 3x= executed
Impact
• Catholics could still tell themselves that Pope was Head of Church
• All but one of Mary's Catholic Bishops Resigned instead of Taking the Oath
• She appointed 27 New Bishops and Could appoint Protestant Bishops but Shortage of Qualified Protestant Clergy (only 1 stayed)
51
What Change to Decoration of the church and Music did the Settlement Cause and what Impact did it have?
Change
• Ornaments & Decorations Allowed
• Singing of Hymns Allowed
Impact
• She Won Over Many as the Church Remained Familiar
• Puritans Dislikes Praying before Saints as Bible Said Worshipping Idols was Sin
(images or representations of gods)
• Ornaments & Decorations Allowed
• Singing of Hymns Allowed
Impact
• She Won Over Many as the Church Remained Familiar
• Puritans Dislikes Praying before Saints as Bible Said Worshipping Idols was Sin
(images or representations of gods)
52
What Change to the Clergy of the church did the Settlement Cause and what Impact did it have?
Change
• Clergy had Take an Oath to Recognise Elizabeth's Title and Agree Use New Prayer Book
• Clergy wore Special Vestments & Allowed to Marry
• All Preachers must have a License & Preach at Least One's Month
Impact
• Priests and Less Important Clerky Took the Oath
• About 10 Thousand Parishes
• Most of Clergy was the Same As Before
• Clergy had Take an Oath to Recognise Elizabeth's Title and Agree Use New Prayer Book
• Clergy wore Special Vestments & Allowed to Marry
• All Preachers must have a License & Preach at Least One's Month
Impact
• Priests and Less Important Clerky Took the Oath
• About 10 Thousand Parishes
• Most of Clergy was the Same As Before
53
What Change to the Bible of the church & Services did the Settlement Cause and what Impact did it have?
Changes
• Bible & Services English
• Book of Common Prayer
• Holy Communion Remained but No Latin Mass & Prayer Book's wording was Vague So Interpreted Differently by Religions
• Royal Injunctions referred to 'fake' Miracles Banned Leaving Possibility there might be 'Real' Ones
Impacts
• Most Accepted Settlement & Attended Church
• Catholics found the Absence of Latin Mass Unacceptable So After Church they Held Latin Mass in Secret. (nothing was done as long as Catholics were Loyal)
• Some Protestants were Over Enthusiastic with Destruction of Church Ornaments & Statues
• Bible & Services English
• Book of Common Prayer
• Holy Communion Remained but No Latin Mass & Prayer Book's wording was Vague So Interpreted Differently by Religions
• Royal Injunctions referred to 'fake' Miracles Banned Leaving Possibility there might be 'Real' Ones
Impacts
• Most Accepted Settlement & Attended Church
• Catholics found the Absence of Latin Mass Unacceptable So After Church they Held Latin Mass in Secret. (nothing was done as long as Catholics were Loyal)
• Some Protestants were Over Enthusiastic with Destruction of Church Ornaments & Statues
54
When did the Settlement take place? (date)
1559
55
The Puritian Challenge to the Religious Settlement: Who were Puritans & types?
• Small Minority in Society with Strict Moral Views & Didn't Agree with Ordinary People
• Many had Important Positions;
Elizabeth's Favourite The Earl of Leicester, the Spy Master Sir Francis Walsingham. By 1570s and 1580s Other Counsellors and MPs were Puritans.
• Had high Literacy Rates as Focused on Studying Bible, therefore Couldn't Become a Widespread Movement as Literary Rates Remained Low.
• Puritans Weren't United as there were Moderates, Presbyterians & Separatists.
Moderates: Only Wanted Slight Changes
Presbyterians: Remove Bishops
Separatists: Remove Church England
• Many had Important Positions;
Elizabeth's Favourite The Earl of Leicester, the Spy Master Sir Francis Walsingham. By 1570s and 1580s Other Counsellors and MPs were Puritans.
• Had high Literacy Rates as Focused on Studying Bible, therefore Couldn't Become a Widespread Movement as Literary Rates Remained Low.
• Puritans Weren't United as there were Moderates, Presbyterians & Separatists.
Moderates: Only Wanted Slight Changes
Presbyterians: Remove Bishops
Separatists: Remove Church England
56
The Puritian Challenge to the Religious Settlement: What did they Believe?
Called Themselves 'Godly or True Gospellers'. They Criticised Church after 1558.
57
The Puritian Challenge to the Religious Settlement: What did they do & dates Any Positives?
Tried to Persuade Elizabeth to Make Changes. Between 1559 and 1563 they Pushed for Removal of things they Felt were too Catholic e.g Vestments and Organ Music
Most Puritans Wanted to Strengthen Church of England from Within rather than replace it. They Never Called Out For Elizabeth Removed as Feared for a Catholic Monarch, Mary Queen of Scots
Most Puritans Wanted to Strengthen Church of England from Within rather than replace it. They Never Called Out For Elizabeth Removed as Feared for a Catholic Monarch, Mary Queen of Scots
58
What was the Crucifix Controversy and what are Crucifixes & Why did Elizabeth have to give in?
Crucifix Shows Jesus Dying On Cross but Puritans Believed Counted As Idolatry was Sin.
Elizabeth Wanted Crucifix to be included in All Churches and Encourage Catholics to Support Her Settlement.
However, Puritan Bishops Threatened to Resign If Crucifix was Used.
----------------------------------------------
Due to Lack of Suitable Replacements for Puritan Bishops.
Elizabeth Wanted Crucifix to be included in All Churches and Encourage Catholics to Support Her Settlement.
However, Puritan Bishops Threatened to Resign If Crucifix was Used.
----------------------------------------------
Due to Lack of Suitable Replacements for Puritan Bishops.
59
What was the Vestment Controversy & what are Vestments? How was it Resolved & it's outcome? 
Problem
They were Special Clothing particularly worn by Catholic Priests.
Puritan Priests did NOT LIKE Special Vestments because Suggested Priests were Different to Normal People & had Special Powers or Relationships with God.
So Refused to Wear Them.
--------------------------------------------
How Resolved?
Archbishop of Canterbury Gave More Detailed Instructions about What They Should Wear in his Book.
He Held Special Exhibition Showing Priests what they should Wear.
Many were Invited but 37 Refused so Lost their Jobs.
Outcome?
Showed that Priests Accepted what Elizabeth Said Even if they Were Not Happy.
They were Special Clothing particularly worn by Catholic Priests.
Puritan Priests did NOT LIKE Special Vestments because Suggested Priests were Different to Normal People & had Special Powers or Relationships with God.
So Refused to Wear Them.
--------------------------------------------
How Resolved?
Archbishop of Canterbury Gave More Detailed Instructions about What They Should Wear in his Book.
He Held Special Exhibition Showing Priests what they should Wear.
Many were Invited but 37 Refused so Lost their Jobs.
Outcome?
Showed that Priests Accepted what Elizabeth Said Even if they Were Not Happy.
60
Define Recusants
A Person Who Refused to Attend Services of the Church of England.
61
Who are Catholic Recusants?
They were Catholics who Refused to Attend New Church Services & Believed in Catholic Church in Refused to Compromise.
62
What ides did Catholic Recusants Share & was it notable & what did they do?
Ideas they Shared in Oposition to Religious Settlement where they Agreed Elizabeth Should be Replaced with Catholic Mary Queen of Scots.
Didn't Accept the Absence of Catholic Mass as this Meant their Chance of Getting to Heaven Was at Risk.
The Extent of the Opposition Early On was Not Notable, but they Did Celebrate Mass in Houses In Secret.
Didn't Accept the Absence of Catholic Mass as this Meant their Chance of Getting to Heaven Was at Risk.
The Extent of the Opposition Early On was Not Notable, but they Did Celebrate Mass in Houses In Secret.
63
What were the Catholic challenges to Elizabeth Settlement?
No Direct Challenge to Elizabeth's Settlement from Pope or Leader's in Europe because the Papacy was Engaged in Persecuting Protestants and was In the Middle Of Counter-Reformatiom (Challenging Protestant Reformation).
No Open Opposition During the First Few Years of religious settlement.
Pope Pius IV Didn't Excommunicate Elizabeth following Settlement. This Gave Elizabeth's Church time to Establish Itself.
But When the Pope Excommunicated her by 1570, it was Too Late to Be Effective but Did Increase Threat Against Her.
No Open Opposition During the First Few Years of religious settlement.
Pope Pius IV Didn't Excommunicate Elizabeth following Settlement. This Gave Elizabeth's Church time to Establish Itself.
But When the Pope Excommunicated her by 1570, it was Too Late to Be Effective but Did Increase Threat Against Her.
64
Why was Elizabeth's Legitimacy Questioned & who by?
Her Legitimacy Questioned by Catholics as her Mother Anne Boleyn's Marriage to Henry VIII was seen by Many Catholics as invalid
65
Why was Mary Queen of Scots Important? 
• Mary was Catholic, therefore, many Catholics, Including Members Of Nobility would Support Her Claim To Throne
• Mary's Claim was Strengthened by Fact No Concerns About Her Legitimacy.
• Mary Alwaysbe Centre of Catholic Plots & Conspiracy Against Elizabeth.
These Included English & Foreign Plotters.
• Mary's Claim was Strengthened by Fact No Concerns About Her Legitimacy.
• Mary Alwaysbe Centre of Catholic Plots & Conspiracy Against Elizabeth.
These Included English & Foreign Plotters.
66
Mary Queen of Scots what were the ups and downs and some dates?
Mary married Francis Heir to French. Scotland was rulled by her Mother & Protected by French Troops.
Mary Husband became King of France & civil war broke out between Catholics & Protestants in Scotland.
Elizabeth Send Help & French were Forced to Withdraw.
1561 Mary, Returned to Scotland After Death of Her Husband. She Weak Position as Scotland was Now Firmly Protestant.
1564 Mary Refused to Marry Earl of Leicester but instead Married Catholic Lord Darnley. This Strengthend Mary's Claim to English Throne.
1566 Darnley Wanted More Power For Himself
After Son was Born, another Potential Future Heir to Throne.
Mary Began To HATE Darnley.
1567 Darnley's House was Blown Up by Gunpowder & Body Found in Garden Showed Signs Strangled. Many Suspected Mary & Blammed Her Lover, Earl of Bothwell
Mary Married Bothwell & Rebellion Broke out in Scotland & Mary imprisoned.
1568 Mary Escaped Prison & Raised Army Against Scottish Nobles but Defeated.
Fled to England & Mercy of her Cousin Elizabeth.
Mary Husband became King of France & civil war broke out between Catholics & Protestants in Scotland.
Elizabeth Send Help & French were Forced to Withdraw.
1561 Mary, Returned to Scotland After Death of Her Husband. She Weak Position as Scotland was Now Firmly Protestant.
1564 Mary Refused to Marry Earl of Leicester but instead Married Catholic Lord Darnley. This Strengthend Mary's Claim to English Throne.
1566 Darnley Wanted More Power For Himself
After Son was Born, another Potential Future Heir to Throne.
Mary Began To HATE Darnley.
1567 Darnley's House was Blown Up by Gunpowder & Body Found in Garden Showed Signs Strangled. Many Suspected Mary & Blammed Her Lover, Earl of Bothwell
Mary Married Bothwell & Rebellion Broke out in Scotland & Mary imprisoned.
1568 Mary Escaped Prison & Raised Army Against Scottish Nobles but Defeated.
Fled to England & Mercy of her Cousin Elizabeth.
67
When did the Northan Earls Revolt?
1569
68
Who were the Northan Earls & their religion?
• Earl of Northumberland
• Earl of Westmoreland
-Catholic Nobles (brother in law Duke of Norfolk)
• Earl of Westmoreland
-Catholic Nobles (brother in law Duke of Norfolk)
69
Who was Duke of Norfolk?
Senior Protestant Noble but with Strong Northan Catholic Families
70
What were the Political/Personal Reasons for why they Revolted? 
• Government in North of England was now carried out by Council of North. Earls Lost Some Authority.
• Elizabeth Found Out About Plan to Marry Norfolk to Mary, she Took Earls to Court. The Earls Feared Prison or Execution. Revolt Seemed Like Only Option.
• Elizabeth gave Important Jobs to Men she had More Direct Control Over. Earls were angered as they Lost Power in North to others.
• Northern Earls had Lost Land to Elizabeth. Northern Nobles Felt Worse Off.
• Elizabeth Found Out About Plan to Marry Norfolk to Mary, she Took Earls to Court. The Earls Feared Prison or Execution. Revolt Seemed Like Only Option.
• Elizabeth gave Important Jobs to Men she had More Direct Control Over. Earls were angered as they Lost Power in North to others.
• Northern Earls had Lost Land to Elizabeth. Northern Nobles Felt Worse Off.
71
What were the Religious Reasons for why they Revolted & What did they Do to Show that? 
• Earls Wanted Elizabeth to Accept Mary, Queen of Scots as her Rightful Successor & Release Her From Prison.
Catholic Monarch When Elizabeth Died.
• When Revolt Began, Earls Attacked Protestant Durham Cathedral.
Held a Latin Mass& Destroyed Protestant Prayer Books.
• Rebels wore Catholic Badges Symbols on their Clothes. Carried Catholic Banners with Crucifix.
Catholic Monarch When Elizabeth Died.
• When Revolt Began, Earls Attacked Protestant Durham Cathedral.
Held a Latin Mass& Destroyed Protestant Prayer Books.
• Rebels wore Catholic Badges Symbols on their Clothes. Carried Catholic Banners with Crucifix.
72
What were the Political/Personal & Religious Plans for the Revolte? 
• Earls Planed to marry Mary, Queen of Scots to the Duke of Norfolk, the Most Powerful Noble in England
(and a Catholic sympathiser).
Would Made Him Elizabeth's Heir and so Given Him More Authority. Earls had hoped he would Restore Some of Their Powers.
• Earls demanded that Elizabeth get Rid of her 'evil councillors'. Especially Disliked Robert Cecil who they Blamed For Religious Changes & their Loss Of Power & Money.
(and a Catholic sympathiser).
Would Made Him Elizabeth's Heir and so Given Him More Authority. Earls had hoped he would Restore Some of Their Powers.
• Earls demanded that Elizabeth get Rid of her 'evil councillors'. Especially Disliked Robert Cecil who they Blamed For Religious Changes & their Loss Of Power & Money.
73
What was the Story of the Revolt of Northern Earls & when did it happen? 
1569
1) Leaders Earls of Northumberland & Westmoreland In November, Workers On Their Land Joined the March South. When Reached Durham they Stormed the Cathedral, Destroyed Protestant Prayer Books & held Catholic Mass.
3) They Failed to Attract Anymore Support from the Other Catholics.
4) Rebels then Moved Further South as MQC Moved to a Prison Further South. This Prevented Any Rescue Attempt.
5) Elizabeth Government Sent Royal Army to North. Earls Hoped Spain Would Send Troops but Didn't so Earls Went into Panic.
6) Earls Escaped to Scotland. Westmoreland Abroad, but Northumberland was Handed over by Scott's & Beheaded. 450 rebels Executed & Others Fined & Had Land Confiscated.
1) Leaders Earls of Northumberland & Westmoreland In November, Workers On Their Land Joined the March South. When Reached Durham they Stormed the Cathedral, Destroyed Protestant Prayer Books & held Catholic Mass.
3) They Failed to Attract Anymore Support from the Other Catholics.
4) Rebels then Moved Further South as MQC Moved to a Prison Further South. This Prevented Any Rescue Attempt.
5) Elizabeth Government Sent Royal Army to North. Earls Hoped Spain Would Send Troops but Didn't so Earls Went into Panic.
6) Earls Escaped to Scotland. Westmoreland Abroad, but Northumberland was Handed over by Scott's & Beheaded. 450 rebels Executed & Others Fined & Had Land Confiscated.
74
Define Papal Bull
(written order)
75
What were the Outcomes of the Rebellion of Northern Earls?
• Westmoreland escaped.
• Northumberland was Captured & Executed in York
• 450 Rebels Executed.
• Norfolk was released, Despite Privy Council's objections MQS remained in Captivity.
• 1570 Pope issued a Papal Bull (written order) Excommunicated Elizabeth &
Called Upon Loyal Catholics to Remove Her.
• Elizabeth called Parliament& in 1571 Definition of Treason was Widened
• Northumberland was Captured & Executed in York
• 450 Rebels Executed.
• Norfolk was released, Despite Privy Council's objections MQS remained in Captivity.
• 1570 Pope issued a Papal Bull (written order) Excommunicated Elizabeth &
Called Upon Loyal Catholics to Remove Her.
• Elizabeth called Parliament& in 1571 Definition of Treason was Widened
76
What were the Significances of the Rebellion of Northern Earls?
• First & Serious Rebellious Act By Catholics against Elizabeth. Treason Laws Made Harsher.
• Ended the Power of Earls Families in north.
• Harsher treatment of Catholics . Put in place Laws that Suppressed Catholicism.
• Elizabeth saw Threat as Serious, but Majority Catholic Nobles Loyal.
• Papal Bull Turning Point English Catholics; their Loyalty in Doubt
• Ended the Power of Earls Families in north.
• Harsher treatment of Catholics . Put in place Laws that Suppressed Catholicism.
• Elizabeth saw Threat as Serious, but Majority Catholic Nobles Loyal.
• Papal Bull Turning Point English Catholics; their Loyalty in Doubt
77
What & when were the 3 Catholic Revolts Against Elizabeth?
• The Ridolfi Plot 1571
• The Throckmorton Plot 1583
• The Babington Plot 1586
• The Throckmorton Plot 1583
• The Babington Plot 1586
78
Who was Roberto Ridolf?
Prominent Catholic Italian Banker
79
Who did Roberto Ridolf Carry Letters Between & what were they plotting?
MQS & Spanish Duke of Alba in Nethalends
• Assassinating Elizabeth
• Invasion to Restore Catholic Faith with Mary on Throne
• Philip II Prepared 10 Thousand Troops to Send Across Chanel
• Assassinating Elizabeth
• Invasion to Restore Catholic Faith with Mary on Throne
• Philip II Prepared 10 Thousand Troops to Send Across Chanel
80
who & where else was involved in The Ridolfi Plot?
Duke of Norfolk even though he was in Prison
81
What was the Significance of the Ridolfi Plot?
• Reinforced Threat from Spain as
Philip II would Support Any Plots Against Elizabeth
• Threat from Spain Meant England Needed to Improve Relations with France as Could Not Fight Both
• Government Now Began to Monitor Catholics More Closely- Two Laws Passed in 1581 Meant Families could be Fined for Hiding Priests & Charged with Treason if Converted People to Catholicism
• Confirmed English Catholics & MQS Remained Threat to Elizabeth
Philip II would Support Any Plots Against Elizabeth
• Threat from Spain Meant England Needed to Improve Relations with France as Could Not Fight Both
• Government Now Began to Monitor Catholics More Closely- Two Laws Passed in 1581 Meant Families could be Fined for Hiding Priests & Charged with Treason if Converted People to Catholicism
• Confirmed English Catholics & MQS Remained Threat to Elizabeth
82
Who did Elizabeth agree to execute after The Ridolfi Plot?
Duke of Norfolk
83
Which Country was seen as a very serious threat after The Ridolfi Plot?
Spain
84
Which group of people did people in England now start Resent after The Ridolfi Plot?
Catholics
85
Who was Throckmorton & who did he carry letters between? 
Young English Catholic
MQS & French Duke of Guise MQS Cousin & Spanish Ambassadors.
MQS & French Duke of Guise MQS Cousin & Spanish Ambassadors.
86
What happened to Throckmorton & what was found during search of his house? 
Arrested & Tortured
Papers Involving, a Number of Leading Catholic Nobles as well as an Assessment of Which Harbor Would be Best for invasion.
Papers Involving, a Number of Leading Catholic Nobles as well as an Assessment of Which Harbor Would be Best for invasion.
87
What was the aim of The Throckmorton Plot & How did Philip II get Involved & What did Pope Think?
Put Mary Queen of Scots on Throne & Restore Catholicism.
Philip II Offered to Help Pay For Revolt.
Pope Approved of Conspiracy.
Philip II Offered to Help Pay For Revolt.
Pope Approved of Conspiracy.
88
what was Significance of Throckmorton Plot?
• Revealed Extent of Threat Opposed to Elizabeth
• Throckmorton's Papers Include List of Catholic Supporters in England Confirming Government Fears of Enemy Within
• Many Catholics Fled England After Plot Up to 11 Thousand were Imprisoned or Kept Under Surveillance or House Arrest
• 1585 Parliament Made Helping or Sheltering Catholic Priest Punishable by Death
• Throckmorton's Papers Include List of Catholic Supporters in England Confirming Government Fears of Enemy Within
• Many Catholics Fled England After Plot Up to 11 Thousand were Imprisoned or Kept Under Surveillance or House Arrest
• 1585 Parliament Made Helping or Sheltering Catholic Priest Punishable by Death
89
After The Throckmorton Plot who was thrown out of England?
Spanish Ambassador
90
After The Throckmorton Plot what Measure was brought in to make it Harder Rescue Mary?
Move Mary Queen of Scots from Time to Time.
91
Who did Elizabeth No Longer trust After The Throckmorton Plot?
Pope, Marry Queen of Scots & Numerous Catholics.
92
Who was Anthony Babington?
25 year old Catholic Servant to Earl Shrewsbury when he Had Custody of MQC
93
How did Babington Find Out About the Plot?
Duke of Guise Would Invade England Murder Elizabeth MQS on Throne & Philip II & Pope Supported Plot was Conspiracy
94
What were the Steps to Babingtons part plot to Free England of the Religious Settlement?
Encouraging a Successful invasion by foreign army, probably Spain as they were at war
Freeing Mary and Dispatching of Elizabeth
Freeing Mary and Dispatching of Elizabeth
95
Why were Spies planted in Mary's household & What did they persuade Mary to do?
To find Evidence Against her
It was Safe To Smuggle Letters In An Out Of the House in Old Beer Barrels
It was Safe To Smuggle Letters In An Out Of the House in Old Beer Barrels
96
Who was secretly reading Mary's letters The Babington Plot?
Walsingham
97
How to Mary Sentence Herself The Babington Plot?
She wrote a Letter to agree with Plot
98
How are Babington and the other conspiraces punished along with Mary?
Exicuted
99
What was Significance of Babington Plot?
• By 1585 England & Spain were virtually at War
• Elizabeth's Government Came to Determined Crush Catholic Threat
• Persecution of Catholics intensified 31 Priests were Executed Across Country
• Plot Led To Execution of MQS Ending Any Hope of Replacing Elizabeth with Catholic Heir
• Elizabeth's Government Came to Determined Crush Catholic Threat
• Persecution of Catholics intensified 31 Priests were Executed Across Country
• Plot Led To Execution of MQS Ending Any Hope of Replacing Elizabeth with Catholic Heir
100
what Job did Francis Walsingham take in 1573?
Secretary of State for Elizabeth
101
What did Walsingham Develop in his role as Secretary of state? 
Network of Spies & informants in Every Country & important Town
102
Why was Walsingham's Job Crucial/important?
He Uncovered Plots Against Elizabeth
103
Why was Walsingham's Network Impressive?
It Reached Throughout England & and included Ordinary People who gave information in Return for Money as well as Trained Agents.
104
Why was his use of Ordinary people useful Walsingham?
People Started Spying on their Own Neighbours
105
which other countries the Walsingham have agents?
France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Istanbul
106
What are the types of sources did Walsingham have?
Catholic Priests who were Arrested
107
How many Priests were Arrested by 1580?
6
108
What was an Agent Provocateur?
Agents Who Become Part Of Group Suspected of Crimes & Encourage Members to Break Laws to Identify Potential Threats
109
What punishment did Walsingham? and in what situation did he allow the use of it?
Tortue to stop plots surrounding Mary Queen of Scots
110
Who was executed during Elizabeth rain as a result of Walsingham's Work & When was she Exicuted?
Mary Queen of Scots 1587
111
How can we explain the execution of Mary Queen of Scots because of Mary Herself? 
• She was Catholic & Supported by Catholics who were against Religious Settlement
• Both Ridolfi Plot & Throckmorton Plot intended to to Restore Catholism & Make Mary Queen
• Mary had Strong Claim to Throne
• While Elizabeth Remained Childless Mary Remained Possible Heir
• Babington Plot Revealed that Mary was involved in Plot
• Both Ridolfi Plot & Throckmorton Plot intended to to Restore Catholism & Make Mary Queen
• Mary had Strong Claim to Throne
• While Elizabeth Remained Childless Mary Remained Possible Heir
• Babington Plot Revealed that Mary was involved in Plot
112
How can we explain the execution of Mary Queen of Scots because of Plots at Home?
• Walsingham's Network Of Spy's Uncovered information
• Ridolfi Plot & Throckmorton Plot Make Mary Queen but impossible Prove She was Part of it & Restore Catholism
• Each Plot increased Sense of Danger to Elizabeth
• Plotters all Appealed to Catholic France & Spain for Assistance
• Revolt Northern Earls included Restoration Catholism
• Ridolfi Plot & Throckmorton Plot Make Mary Queen but impossible Prove She was Part of it & Restore Catholism
• Each Plot increased Sense of Danger to Elizabeth
• Plotters all Appealed to Catholic France & Spain for Assistance
• Revolt Northern Earls included Restoration Catholism
113
How can we explain the execution of Mary Queen of Scots because of Foreign Threats?
• Protestant Dutch Rebeled in Netherlands Spain sent large Catholic army which Threat to England.
• Protestant leader William of Orange Assassinated in Netherlands. Increased Fear.
• Pope Excommunicated Elizabeth in 1570. Catholics No Longer Obliged to Obey E as Queen.
• 1585 War Broke with Spain. England Faced Most Powerful Country in Europe.
• Protestant leader William of Orange Assassinated in Netherlands. Increased Fear.
• Pope Excommunicated Elizabeth in 1570. Catholics No Longer Obliged to Obey E as Queen.
• 1585 War Broke with Spain. England Faced Most Powerful Country in Europe.
114
How can we explain the execution of Mary Queen of Scots because of Parliament & Advisors?
• Parlimet Strongly Protestant Feared Mary Q S.
• Elizabeth 's Closest Advisors Warned Elizabeth that MQS was Threat.
• In 1584 Parliament Agreed Bond of Association. Mary Executed if Elizabeth life Under Threat.
• Elizabeth 's Closest Advisors Warned Elizabeth that MQS was Threat.
• In 1584 Parliament Agreed Bond of Association. Mary Executed if Elizabeth life Under Threat.
115
What was Elizabeth Foreign Policy?
• improve Trade to Benefit England's Economy
• Protect English Borders
• Protect English Throne
• Avoid War (Costly & De-Throne Elizabeth)
• Protect English Borders
• Protect English Throne
• Avoid War (Costly & De-Throne Elizabeth)
116
Facts about Philip of Spain?
• Ruled Netherlands & 'Ruled New World' (south America)
• King Portugal 1580
• Treasure from 'New World' made Spain Rich & Large Military
• Married to Mary (Catholic)
• Ruler of Most Power Country
• King Portugal 1580
• Treasure from 'New World' made Spain Rich & Large Military
• Married to Mary (Catholic)
• Ruler of Most Power Country
117
key issues why Elizabey went to war?
• Trade, Commercial Rivalry & Privacy
• Religious Rivalry
• Political Rivalry
• The Netherlands
• Religious Rivalry
• Political Rivalry
• The Netherlands
118
How did Trade make Elizabeth go to War?
England Needed New Markets Overseas Due to Spanish Control in Netherlands. Because they could No Longer Trade a Wool as Rules Tightened.
Spain was Making New & Valuable Trading Opportunities in New World. Difficult because Have a Licence From Spain.
Spain was Making New & Valuable Trading Opportunities in New World. Difficult because Have a Licence From Spain.
119
How did Piracy make Elizabeth go to War & who were pirates, what did they do & give examples & who didn't like them?
English Merchants ignored Spain's Rules & Traded illegally.
Pirates Captured Other Ships For Their Cargo & were Backed by Investors.
John Hawkins Sailed to West Africa in 1562 & 64 Backed Financialy by Many of Elizabeth's Companions. He Brought Slaves & Sold to Colonies in 'New World'.
Philip Hates them as Challenge to Spain's Interests in 'New World'.
Pirates Captured Other Ships For Their Cargo & were Backed by Investors.
John Hawkins Sailed to West Africa in 1562 & 64 Backed Financialy by Many of Elizabeth's Companions. He Brought Slaves & Sold to Colonies in 'New World'.
Philip Hates them as Challenge to Spain's Interests in 'New World'.
120
When was Francis Drake Hired & by Who to be what?
Hired as Privateer in 1573 by Elizabeth.
121
What happened when Drake returned and why?
Elizabeth Didn't Publicly Greet Drake as Trying Improve Anglo-Spanish Relations
122
When Did Drake Circumnavigate the World?
1577-80
123
What were the significance of Drake's actions & How did Commercial Rivalry & Piracy make Elizabeth go to War?
• Drake's Actions Against Spain & Colonies & Claim Land in North California. Made Clear England didn't Accept Spain's Domination in America's
• He was One of Two Only Sailors that Circomnavigated Globe.
Gave England National Hero & Gave image aboud England's Strength & being Seafaring Nation.
• Drake Boosted Crowns Finances
• Elizabeth Publicly Knighted Drake which sent Strong Message Against Being Dominanted. Philip Spain Outraged as Drake was Pirate.
• He was One of Two Only Sailors that Circomnavigated Globe.
Gave England National Hero & Gave image aboud England's Strength & being Seafaring Nation.
• Drake Boosted Crowns Finances
• Elizabeth Publicly Knighted Drake which sent Strong Message Against Being Dominanted. Philip Spain Outraged as Drake was Pirate.
124
How did Religiouse Rivalry Increase Chances of War & ways it didn't?
• Philip Catholic believed Protestant Church Evil as Life Work Was Returning Countries to Catholic Faith
• Philip Disliked Penalties Against Catholics (following northern earls)
DIDN'T INCREASE
• Pope Excommunicated E but Philip did Nothing for 25 years
• But Philip Happy to Stir Up Minermal Trouble in UK
• Philip Didn't Like Idea if MQS Replacing E
• Philip Disliked Penalties Against Catholics (following northern earls)
DIDN'T INCREASE
• Pope Excommunicated E but Philip did Nothing for 25 years
• But Philip Happy to Stir Up Minermal Trouble in UK
• Philip Didn't Like Idea if MQS Replacing E
125
How did Political Rivalry Increase Chances of War & ways it didn't?
• Philip Signed Peace Agreement with France so Could Invade England Without France Interfearing
• E Unofficially Sent Money & Volunteers to Help Netherlands but Refused to Commit to War so Angered Philip As Netherlands Becoming Protestant under Spanish rule
WAYS IT DIDN'T
• Philip More Worried About Political Challenges From France
• E Expelled Ambassadors For Links To Plots Minor Punishment Instead Confronting Philip
• E Unofficially Sent Money & Volunteers to Help Netherlands but Refused to Commit to War so Angered Philip As Netherlands Becoming Protestant under Spanish rule
WAYS IT DIDN'T
• Philip More Worried About Political Challenges From France
• E Expelled Ambassadors For Links To Plots Minor Punishment Instead Confronting Philip
126
Explain why War Broke Out Between England & Spain 1558? 12 Marks
You may use the following in your answer:
• Religious Differences
• English Involvement in Netherlands
You MUST use information of your own
You may use the following in your answer:
• Religious Differences
• English Involvement in Netherlands
You MUST use information of your own
127
What Caused Dutch Rebellion?
Spain Controlled the Netherlands 1572-Protestant Revolt
128
who was leader of Dutch rebellion & why?
William of Orange- Angry at Persecution Believed Needed Freedom
129
How did English Money
(Netherlands & Dutch Rebellions)Increase Chances of War?
(Netherlands & Dutch Rebellions)Increase Chances of War?
• Money & Weapons Sent To Rebels
• Rebel Ships Allowed to Shelter in England's Ports
• Rebel Ships Allowed to Shelter in England's Ports
130
How did Duke of Parma Army
(Netherlands & Dutch Rebellions)Increase Chances of War?
(Netherlands & Dutch Rebellions)Increase Chances of War?
• 1578-Army Lead by Palma Sent by Phillip
• Help to Restore Spanish Control
• Palma Made Governor so Responsible for Things Including Tax
• Help to Restore Spanish Control
• Palma Made Governor so Responsible for Things Including Tax
131
How did William of orange asked France for help
(Netherlands & Dutch Rebellions)Increase Chances of War?
(Netherlands & Dutch Rebellions)Increase Chances of War?
• Duke of Anjou to help
• Duke Became Unpopular and Left in 1583 . 1584 William Assassinated so Rebels defeated
• Duke Became Unpopular and Left in 1583 . 1584 William Assassinated so Rebels defeated
132
How did Spanish Fury & when
(Netherlands & Dutch Rebellions)Increase Chances of War?
(Netherlands & Dutch Rebellions)Increase Chances of War?
• Spanish Fury Took Descions out of E Hands
• Spanish Troops to Leave Netherlands
• Netherlands Returned to Dutch Rule
• Religious Tolerance in Netherlands for Catholics & Protestants
• Spanish Troops to Leave Netherlands
• Netherlands Returned to Dutch Rule
• Religious Tolerance in Netherlands for Catholics & Protestants
133
what was it & How did Treaty of Nonsuch & when signed -
(Netherlands & Dutch Rebellions)Increase Chances of War?
(Netherlands & Dutch Rebellions)Increase Chances of War?
• Catholic France & Spain United Against Protestants
• 1585-E Signed Treaty & Sent Army (7,000) to Rebels Lead by Earl of Leicester Robert Dudley
• Leicester argued with Dutch so Did slow progress
• Military involvement - looked like England was trying to claim Netherlands
• E not Ending Help = Spain take Netherlands
• Went from Support to Military Support
• Supported Dutch Rebels Who Were Enemies to Spain so England Became Spain's enemy
• 1585-E Signed Treaty & Sent Army (7,000) to Rebels Lead by Earl of Leicester Robert Dudley
• Leicester argued with Dutch so Did slow progress
• Military involvement - looked like England was trying to claim Netherlands
• E not Ending Help = Spain take Netherlands
• Went from Support to Military Support
• Supported Dutch Rebels Who Were Enemies to Spain so England Became Spain's enemy
134
How did Sigeing of King of Spain Beard & why was it a setback for him
(Netherlands & Dutch Rebellions)Increase Chances of War?
(Netherlands & Dutch Rebellions)Increase Chances of War?
• Drake Sailed to Cadiz & Destroyed Over 30 Ships + Rescources Needed for Philips Invasion
• Drake Attacked Portugal (Philip Ruled) & New World to Attack Spanish Treasure
• It Delayed Spanish Armada by Year
• Drake Attacked Portugal (Philip Ruled) & New World to Attack Spanish Treasure
• It Delayed Spanish Armada by Year
135
What was Philips Plan?
Philip Sent Duke of Medina with 131 Ships Sailing in Cresent Formation to Pick Up Philips Army of 27 Thousand Controlled by Parma from Netherlands & Then Transported Across Chanel to Invade Engalnd.
136
Spot Key Details & Describe Meanings in Spanish Armada Potrait
• Mermaid- English Dominance With Sea
• Crown- Only Elizabeth Right to Rule
• Globe- England is Global Player
• Pearls- Extent of E Wisdom
• Armada in Background- Arriving on Left & Destroyed on Right by Storm Sent by God
• Face- Translucent Face showing God Like Statue
• Crown- Only Elizabeth Right to Rule
• Globe- England is Global Player
• Pearls- Extent of E Wisdom
• Armada in Background- Arriving on Left & Destroyed on Right by Storm Sent by God
• Face- Translucent Face showing God Like Statue
137
SUPPLIES
• Spanish Armada Not Well Supplied
• Provisions Stored in Week Wooden Barrels
• By Time English Engaged they Been At Sea Over 10 Weeks
• When English Captured First Spanish Ship Supplies Rotting
PLANNING & COMMUNICATION ISSUES
• Philip Required Medina-Sedonia to Join Parma
• This Weekend for Two Reasons:
- Duke Didn't Control Deep Sea Ports. Meant would Take 48 Hours to Load Men & Set Sail Once Word Came From Medina-Sedonia.
- Communucation Between Medina-Sedonia & Parma had Go By Sea. So Unreliable & Took a Week to Arrive.
What did Spanish Do Wrong that Caused Them to Lose Battle?
SUPPLIES
• Spanish Armada Not Well Supplied
• Provisions Stored in Week Wooden Barrels
• By Time English Engaged they Been At Sea Over 10 Weeks
• When English Captured First Spanish Ship Supplies Rotting
PLANNING & COMMUNICATION ISSUES
• Philip Required Medina-Sedonia to Join Parma
• This Weekend for Two Reasons:
- Duke Didn't Control Deep Sea Ports. Meant would Take 48 Hours to Load Men & Set Sail Once Word Came From Medina-Sedonia.
- Communucation Between Medina-Sedonia & Parma had Go By Sea. So Unreliable & Took a Week to Arrive.
138
Should Philip II take Blame for Deafeat?
• Phillip Consulted his Military Commanders Before Amada Sailed.
He Ignored Suggestions & Criticized Their Concerns.
• Elizabeth Left Key Descions to Commanders
He Ignored Suggestions & Criticized Their Concerns.
• Elizabeth Left Key Descions to Commanders
139
what do English do Right that Helped them Win?
English Galleons/Ships
John Hawkins Adviced Warships Needed be Fast & Easily Moverable so Could Turn Guns on Enemy Quicker.
New Galleons Built with Smaller Frames than Spanish Meaning Could Relode Them Faster. Only 24 Canons on Galleons.
Tactics
English had Enough Engages from Far Away to Stop Spanish Anchoring & Delayed Spanish from Joining with Parma.
Batrle of Gravelines
English Send Fire Ships Amongst Anchored Spanish Fleet. Even Though They did Little Damage, they Scattered Armada. When it Regrouped English Engaged Spanish in Battle of Gravelines.
Weather
Armada Was defeated by English ships & Scattered by wins. Most Destruction Done by Strong Winds that Wrecked Spanish Ships as they Returned Home through Waters of Scottish and Irish Coasts.
John Hawkins Adviced Warships Needed be Fast & Easily Moverable so Could Turn Guns on Enemy Quicker.
New Galleons Built with Smaller Frames than Spanish Meaning Could Relode Them Faster. Only 24 Canons on Galleons.
Tactics
English had Enough Engages from Far Away to Stop Spanish Anchoring & Delayed Spanish from Joining with Parma.
Batrle of Gravelines
English Send Fire Ships Amongst Anchored Spanish Fleet. Even Though They did Little Damage, they Scattered Armada. When it Regrouped English Engaged Spanish in Battle of Gravelines.
Weather
Armada Was defeated by English ships & Scattered by wins. Most Destruction Done by Strong Winds that Wrecked Spanish Ships as they Returned Home through Waters of Scottish and Irish Coasts.
140
What were the Consequences of Elizabeth's Victory?
• Defeated Powerful Energy & Gave Pride
• Dutch Encouraged to Renew Fighting With Spanish
• Anglo-Dutch Alliance Stronger
• Strength of Elizabeth Navy Became Clear & Increased Confidence in Trade & Exploration
• Armada Didn't Defeat Philip as War Continued With Spain During E Reign But Battle Marked Beginning of Decline in Spain's Future
• Dutch Encouraged to Renew Fighting With Spanish
• Anglo-Dutch Alliance Stronger
• Strength of Elizabeth Navy Became Clear & Increased Confidence in Trade & Exploration
• Armada Didn't Defeat Philip as War Continued With Spain During E Reign But Battle Marked Beginning of Decline in Spain's Future
141
What were the Causes/Reason for Poverty & Explain Effects of it?
• Inflammation- People Struggled to Afford Basic Food as Cost Increases
• Bad Series Of Harvests- Less Food & Increase Starvation & Cost of Food
• Closure Monasteries by Henry VIII- Less Help for Poor as They Provided Food & Shelter. Many Poor Left Wandering for Help.
• Population Increase by More Than Quarter- More People Need Food & Work Put Pressure on England's Resources.
• Decline in Cloth Trade (Only Important Industry)- Many Spinners & Weavers Lost Jobs.
• Wages Increased Slowly- Wages Didn't Keep Up with Rising Costs so Even Workers Struggled.
• Enclosure- Farmers Farmed Sheep- Job Losses led to Home Losses.
• Rack Renting- Increase Rent of Land Farmers Forced to Move.
• Bad Series Of Harvests- Less Food & Increase Starvation & Cost of Food
• Closure Monasteries by Henry VIII- Less Help for Poor as They Provided Food & Shelter. Many Poor Left Wandering for Help.
• Population Increase by More Than Quarter- More People Need Food & Work Put Pressure on England's Resources.
• Decline in Cloth Trade (Only Important Industry)- Many Spinners & Weavers Lost Jobs.
• Wages Increased Slowly- Wages Didn't Keep Up with Rising Costs so Even Workers Struggled.
• Enclosure- Farmers Farmed Sheep- Job Losses led to Home Losses.
• Rack Renting- Increase Rent of Land Farmers Forced to Move.
142
Why Were Elizabethan Authorities Worried About Poor?
Increasing Numbers in Towns & Cities
143
Who were impotent poor?
Unable Due to Age, Disability, illness & Deserving Help.
144
Who were Able Bodied Poor?
Capable of Work & Were Encouraged or Forced to Work to Prevent the Becoming Vagerents or Beggers.
145
Give example of vagabonds in Thomas Harmon's book
• Anglers- Long Sticks Steal Clothes on Washing Lines
• Counterfit Cranks- Pretended to have Fits by Eating Soap & Foaming at Mouth
• Counterfit Cranks- Pretended to have Fits by Eating Soap & Foaming at Mouth
146
what was the Attitude to Helping the Poor Before Elizabethan Period & what were those types of people ?
Concerned With Very Poor Society Defined as:
• Poor Relief (Financial Help)
• Alms (Charity)
• Forced into Begging
• Homeless
• Strangers Treated With Suspicion
• Poor Relief (Financial Help)
• Alms (Charity)
• Forced into Begging
• Homeless
• Strangers Treated With Suspicion
147
Who were itinerants & why were they seen as Untrustworthy?
People Who Moved from Place to Place.
Being Known in Your Community was Important.
Being Known in Your Community was Important.
148
How did attitude change to Poor in 1570s?
Revognised Not All Able Bodied Poor Were Lazy some Couldn't Find Work.
149
What were the two Vagabond/Poor Acts Put in Place During Elizabethan Era?
• Vagabond Act of 1572
• 1576 Act for Relief of the Poor
• 1576 Act for Relief of the Poor
150
What was Vagabond Act of 1572 & what did it mainly focus on
• Found Guilt of Vagabond Over Age 14 Publicly Whipped or Burned Ear
• 2nd Time Sent Prison
• 3rd Time Executed
• Children Beggers Forced into Serevents
• Local JP's Ordered Keep Register of Poor in Parish
Focused on Providing Punishment for Beggers Rather than Support.
• 2nd Time Sent Prison
• 3rd Time Executed
• Children Beggers Forced into Serevents
• Local JP's Ordered Keep Register of Poor in Parish
Focused on Providing Punishment for Beggers Rather than Support.
151
What were Positives of Vagabond Act 1572?
Made Law of Responsibility of Communities to Provide for Poor & Agnolgied Poverty Wasn't Always There Fault.
152
what was 1576 Act for the Relief of the Poor?
• Towns Required JP's to Find Work for Able-Bodied Poor.
• Those Refusing to Work Sent to House of Correction
• People Payed Poor Rates to Help Poor
• Those Refusing to Work Sent to House of Correction
• People Payed Poor Rates to Help Poor
153
Give 2 Negatives of 1576 Act for the Relief of the Poor?
• Vagabonds Still Treated With Suspicion
• Richer Payed Less Charity
• Richer Payed Less Charity
154
What evidence suggest not all Vagabonds were Treated Harshly?
• Rare to be Whipped
• Given Small Sum Money & Sent Away
• Some Local Communities Set Up School & Hospitals for Vagabonds
• People Were More Sympathetic Towards Vagabonds
• Given Small Sum Money & Sent Away
• Some Local Communities Set Up School & Hospitals for Vagabonds
• People Were More Sympathetic Towards Vagabonds
155
What were Religious & Cultural Reasons why Exploration Increased during Elizabethan Era?
• Spanish Already Sent Catholics to Far Away Lands.
So some Elizabethan's Wanted to Spread Protestant Beliefs & Prevent Further Spread of Catholism.
• By 1580s Fear that Spain might Invade England & Restore Catholism so Some Hoped that Attacking Spanish & Colonies would Weaken then Financially
So some Elizabethan's Wanted to Spread Protestant Beliefs & Prevent Further Spread of Catholism.
• By 1580s Fear that Spain might Invade England & Restore Catholism so Some Hoped that Attacking Spanish & Colonies would Weaken then Financially
156
What were New Technology Reasons why Exploration Increased during Elizabethan Era?
• New Technology: Astrolabe & Improved Compass Made Longer Voyages Possible.
• Ship Design Developed Massive Galleons To increase Carrying Capacity for Longer Voyages.
• Ships Now Fitted with Triangular Sails that could be Turned More Easily
• Ship Design Developed Massive Galleons To increase Carrying Capacity for Longer Voyages.
• Ships Now Fitted with Triangular Sails that could be Turned More Easily
157
What were Economic & Military Reasons why Exploration Increased during Elizabethan Era?
• Spain had Become Wealthy because of Gold & Silver Mines it Controlled in South America which Helped make Spain Powerful as Some money was spent on Army & Navy.
• English Investors, including Queen, Could make Quick Profits by Funding Privateer Attacks on Spanish & Portuguese Ships.
• Becoming a Sailor Would Pay Vagrants.
• English Investors, including Queen, Could make Quick Profits by Funding Privateer Attacks on Spanish & Portuguese Ships.
• Becoming a Sailor Would Pay Vagrants.
158
What Were the Reasons For colonising the Americas in Elizabethan Era?
• Increase Reputation of English Crown
• Help prevent Spanish or French Settilng there
• Give England Base so Attack Spanish Settlers in North America
• Offers Better Life for Growing Number Poor People
• Allows England Launch Raids on Spanish Treasure Ships in West Indies
• Resources & Riches to be Had
• Help prevent Spanish or French Settilng there
• Give England Base so Attack Spanish Settlers in North America
• Offers Better Life for Growing Number Poor People
• Allows England Launch Raids on Spanish Treasure Ships in West Indies
• Resources & Riches to be Had
159
Why Colonise in Virginia?
Fertile Land, Animals Could be Hunted & Civilised Native Americans.
160
What Were the Two Expeditions?
1585 & 1587
161
Who Went on the 1585 Expedition & Where to?
108 Male Settlers Under Command of Ralph Lane to Sail to America to Roanoke Island with Sir Richard Grenville
162
List Various Problems the Settlers Faced in 1585 & Why was it a Failure?
• Grenville's Ship Crashed into Rocks Resulting in Water to Get in Hold Damaging Supplies.
• Relations with Local Native Americans Weren't Unfriendly at First but Tribes Became Angry that Colonies Taking Up Land & Resources.
• Large Funding Costs it Couldn't be Just Trading.
• Liz Refuse to Help Financial Issues from War with Spain
• Relations with Local Native Americans Weren't Unfriendly at First but Tribes Became Angry that Colonies Taking Up Land & Resources.
• Large Funding Costs it Couldn't be Just Trading.
• Liz Refuse to Help Financial Issues from War with Spain
163
What Happened in June 1586?
Lane was Forced to Abandon Roanoke Island.
164
When Colonists Returned Home with Drake, What did Ralph Lane Report than Encouraged Raleigh to Plan a Second Expedition?
Enthused ideas About Chesapeake Bay as Best Place for Settlement as Enables Search for Gold Mines.
165
Give Two Ways in Which Plans for Second Experdition Different from 1st 1587?
• Took Settler Families Instead of Soldiers & John White Led
• Head Further North to Chesapeake Bay
• Head Further North to Chesapeake Bay
166
Why did plans immediately go wrong again when they arrived in Americas?
• Pilot Worried About Huricanes & Dropped Settlers off Roanoke Island & Refused to Take Further
• Established 2nd Colony but Bad Relations
• Established 2nd Colony but Bad Relations
167
Why Did John White Leave to Return to England & Why Could he Not Return Until 1590?
Bring Back More Supplies but All Ships Were Needed for Defence Against Armada.
168
What did he Find Upon his Return?
Found Settlers Left Behind Disappeared.
169
What was the Significance of Virgina Colony?
1) Laid Foundations for Colonisation of North America by English. Landed Colonists, Made Contact with Natives Lead to Alliance.
2) English Shown Ability of Organisational Skills & Raise Huge Sums of Money for Expeditions.
3) Expedition Produced Profit as investors Made Money from Capture of Spanish Ships.
4) Brought Back New Goods such as Potato & Tobacco for Merchants to Trade.
5) Increase Knowledge of People & Places around Roanoke Due to John White's, Watercolours & Maps
2) English Shown Ability of Organisational Skills & Raise Huge Sums of Money for Expeditions.
3) Expedition Produced Profit as investors Made Money from Capture of Spanish Ships.
4) Brought Back New Goods such as Potato & Tobacco for Merchants to Trade.
5) Increase Knowledge of People & Places around Roanoke Due to John White's, Watercolours & Maps
170
What was the Time Period of the Golden Age?
158-88
171
What was Leisure Like in the Golden Age for the Poor & Rich & What were Women Not Allowed to do?
• Poor: Gamble, Wrestle, Play Football
- Liked Idea of Gambling as was Easy Win & Could Afford Luxuries such as Tobacco.
- Hunting were Restricted to Not Best Land & Rabbit.
- Books With Mass Interest Printed (robin hood) Even If Couldn't Read as Had Pictures
• Rich
-Play Tennis, Bowls, Fencing & Hunted deer/went Hawking.
- Prefered Greek or Roman Translations
• Women
-Not Allowed Into Pubs
- Couldn't act
- Liked Idea of Gambling as was Easy Win & Could Afford Luxuries such as Tobacco.
- Hunting were Restricted to Not Best Land & Rabbit.
- Books With Mass Interest Printed (robin hood) Even If Couldn't Read as Had Pictures
• Rich
-Play Tennis, Bowls, Fencing & Hunted deer/went Hawking.
- Prefered Greek or Roman Translations
• Women
-Not Allowed Into Pubs
- Couldn't act
172
Was Entertainment like in the Golden Age?
• Blood/Violence Games Were Popular with Audience & Gamblers
(Bull / Bear Bating)
Tie Animal to a Post Release Dogs to Attack Bear/Bull.
• All Could Go To Theatre
-Not Liked By Puritans
-Rich Afford Seats With Covers
- Poor seats in the pits that were not covered
• Musical Performances Popular
-Musicians were Paid to Play at Official Events or Public Events
-Music Written to Accompany Plays
• Dancing Remained a Popular Pastime but Upper & Lower Classes Did Not Dance Together.
(Bull / Bear Bating)
Tie Animal to a Post Release Dogs to Attack Bear/Bull.
• All Could Go To Theatre
-Not Liked By Puritans
-Rich Afford Seats With Covers
- Poor seats in the pits that were not covered
• Musical Performances Popular
-Musicians were Paid to Play at Official Events or Public Events
-Music Written to Accompany Plays
• Dancing Remained a Popular Pastime but Upper & Lower Classes Did Not Dance Together.
173
What was Education Like During Golden Age?
• Most English Unable to Read to Relied On Signs
• Large Desire in All Social Classes to Educate Children
• Rich People Always Guaranteed in Education
-Rich Private Tutors then University
-Rich Children of Merchants & Gentry
• Education Distinguished Between Lower Classes (Rich Proper English, Basic Latin, French etc)
• Only Rich Women Were Educated
• Large Desire in All Social Classes to Educate Children
• Rich People Always Guaranteed in Education
-Rich Private Tutors then University
-Rich Children of Merchants & Gentry
• Education Distinguished Between Lower Classes (Rich Proper English, Basic Latin, French etc)
• Only Rich Women Were Educated
174
What were the Reasons for Why it Was a Golden Age?
Wealthy People's Lives Became more Luxurious
- Lords Built Mansions in Countryside
Art Popular During Time
Sports Popular
- Jousting, Throwing Sledge Hammer, Leaping, Sword Fighting, Fox Hunting & Dancing to Bagpipes
Theatre
- Rise of Some Playwrights including Shakespeare
- Globe Theatre Built
- Everyone liked Theatre
Executions
- People Queue to get Best View & Attracted Street Performers
- Food & Drink Sellers Did Well
Fashion
- Shopping Centres
- Men Dressed Up
- Women Wore Fancy Ruffles & White Faces (lead)
- Lords Built Mansions in Countryside
Art Popular During Time
Sports Popular
- Jousting, Throwing Sledge Hammer, Leaping, Sword Fighting, Fox Hunting & Dancing to Bagpipes
Theatre
- Rise of Some Playwrights including Shakespeare
- Globe Theatre Built
- Everyone liked Theatre
Executions
- People Queue to get Best View & Attracted Street Performers
- Food & Drink Sellers Did Well
Fashion
- Shopping Centres
- Men Dressed Up
- Women Wore Fancy Ruffles & White Faces (lead)
175
What were the Reasons for Why it Was NOT a Golden Age?
Women
- Role of Women in Society was Limited (Children & Home)
- Men Expected to Provide for Family
- Average to Birth a Child Every 2 years
-Families Not Large as Many Died From Illnesses
-Couldn't Vote or Enter Profession such as law
Welfare State
- No welfare states
- Loss of Job, ill or Old = Beg Steel or Die
- Some Attempts to Improve Life for Poor Not Much Difference
-1/5 People were in Extreme Poverty in Towns
-Vagrants & Beggars Lowest Of Society
Reformation
- Before Reformation Christian Belief in Bible said They Should Feed the Hungry & Help The Poor
- After Reformation, Many Of These Values Disappeared & Poor Had Less Help
- Role of Women in Society was Limited (Children & Home)
- Men Expected to Provide for Family
- Average to Birth a Child Every 2 years
-Families Not Large as Many Died From Illnesses
-Couldn't Vote or Enter Profession such as law
Welfare State
- No welfare states
- Loss of Job, ill or Old = Beg Steel or Die
- Some Attempts to Improve Life for Poor Not Much Difference
-1/5 People were in Extreme Poverty in Towns
-Vagrants & Beggars Lowest Of Society
Reformation
- Before Reformation Christian Belief in Bible said They Should Feed the Hungry & Help The Poor
- After Reformation, Many Of These Values Disappeared & Poor Had Less Help