part 2

If an acid catalyst (e.g., H2SO4 or HCl) is present,
water adds to alkenes. It adds as H-OH, and the
products are alcohols.

Alcohols react with alkenes in the same way that
water does. Like the addition of water, the addition
of an alcohol requires an

The addition of hydrogen to alkenes in the presence
of a catalyst.

Alcohols react with alkenes in the same way that
water does. Like the addition of water, the addition
of an alcohol requires an acid catalyst.

The product of the reaction is an

Addition of halogen will produce

hydration of alkene will produce

addition of alcohol will produce

of double bonds is used
commercially to convert vegetable oils to
margarine and other cooking fats.

ADDITION OF HALOGEN: ALKENE + HALOGEN =

HYDRATION: ALKENE + H20 W/ ACID CATALYST =

ADDITION OF ALC: ALKENE + ALCOHOL =

CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION: ALKENE + HYDROGEN W/ CATALYST =

If HCl adds to an unsymmetrical alkene like propene,
there are two possible ways it could add. However,
in practice, there is only one major product
according to

In simplest terms, it states that when a hydrogen halide
(like HCl or HBr) adds to an unsymmetrical alkene, the
hydrogen atom of the halide attaches to the carbon atom of
the alkene that already has more hydrogen atoms attached
to it. Meanwhile, the halogen atom attaches to the other
carbon atom of the alkene.

Think of it like this: the rich get richer. The carbon atom
already "rich" in hydrogen atoms gets the extra hydrogen,
while the other carbon, relatively "poorer" in hydrogen, gets
the halogen. It's all about favoring stability in the resulting
product.

When HX is added to an unsymmetrical alkene, the
hydrogen becomes attached to the carbon with the

simpleste alkyne

substance used for torch used in welding

An ______ has a higher boiling point than an alkene
containing the same number of carbon atoms.

Alkynes, like alkenes, undergo

We will see that the same electrophilic reagents that add to
alkenes also add to alkynes.
Though, alkynes are less reactive than alkenes in electrophilic
addition reactions.

The addition reactions of alkynes, however, have a feature
that alkenes do not have: Because the product of the
addition of an electrophilic reagent to an alkyne is an alkene,
a second electrophilic addition reaction can occur.

If the alkyne is a _____ alkyne, the H+ will add to
the sp carbon bonded to the hydrogen.

The product of the second addition reaction is a
_____, a molecule with two halogens on
the same carbon.

Alkynes also undergo the acid-catalyzed
addition of water. The product of the reaction
is an ____.

___ has a carbon–carbon double bond and an
-OH group bonded to one of the sp2 carbons.

The enol immediately rearranges to a

Hydrogen adds to an alkyne in the presence of a
metal catalyst such as palladium, platinum, or nickel
in the same manner that it adds to an alkene.

The product of the hydrogenation reaction,
therefore, is an .