LAB 6

organic compounds in which a hydrogen
atom of an aliphatic carbon is replaced
with a hydroxyl group

2 region of alcohol

According to whether one, two, or three
other carbon atoms are bound to the
carbon atom to which the hydroxyl group
is bound.

According to number of hydroxyl group
attached to their molecule

Method of Preparation

– Colorless and volatile liquid
– penetrating pleasant odor

– colorless, odorless, waxy solids

– flowery odor

All alcohols are flammable, burning with a blue
flame, forming CO2 and water

have higher boiling points in comparison
to other hydrocarbons having equal
molecular masses

Higher number of carbon means higher boiling point

low boiling point

Primary alcohols have a higher boiling point

The solubility of alcohol in water is
governed by the hydroxyl group present

Higher number of carbon, higher solubility

Lower alcohol (C1-C4)

Middle alcohol (C5-C11)

Alcohols are acidic because of: #1

Alcohols are acidic because of: #2

Primary alcohols are generally more acidic than secondary
and tertiary alcohols

Alcohols are more acidic than amines and alkanes but less
acidic than hydrogen halides. The pKa for most alcohols
fall in the range of 15-18.

– Reaction tests for the presence of alcohols

Reaction tests for the presence of primary alcohols, secondary
alcohol and aldehyde

Indicates presence of –CH(OH)CH3 and –COCH3
grouping

Used to classify primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol

– do not react under the conditions

– clear to cloudy solution in 3-5 mins;
layer after 15mins

– should turn cloudy immediately and
quickly form layer