Part 1

A property that does not affect the chemical identity of a compound

Can be observed and measured without changing a compounds composition of matter

Any Substance that has mass and can occupy space

Properties of matter that is dependent to the size or amount of the matter
Example : Height, Weight, Temperature, Size, Shape, Volume, etc

Properties of matter that is independent of the amount and size of the matter; it is constant ;characterizes or defines the matter
Example : Boiling Point, Freezing point, Melting point, Viscosity, and etc

forces that holds atom together

forces that exist between molecules

are dependent on the mass of the molecule

the ability to dissolve into a solvent and is dependent on the IMF (Intermolecular Forces)

The strength of the interaction between molecules is also dependent on the overall ____ of the molecule

Three Types of Intermolecular Forces

is a complex interaction that includes Dipole-Dipole as well as orbital interactions and the transfer of electron density between molecules

is connected to an strongly electronegativity atom like F, O, and N

Hydrogen Bonding is the strongest of the IMFs and range from ______

forces arise from the attraction of oppositely charged atoms (other than H) in molecules. These molecules may have a permanent dipole moment. Generally, in organic molecules they result from the presence of C-X bonds where X is more electronegativity to the of C-

Present in molecules with partial charges or significant difference in their electronegativity

Dipole-Dipole are generally weaker that H-bonding from about ____

forces arise from the movement of electrons within a molecule. This natural motion can produce an uneven distribution of the electrons (polarization of the distribution) resulting in a temporary dipole moment in the molecule. This will induce the movement of electrons in adjacent molecules producing a dipole moment in them

Molecules with higher molecular
masses have higher

- Larger molecular sizes
- Strong London Dispersion forces among
molecules

- Boiling point and density lower than its
straight-chain isomer

- Have greater surface are in contact with
each other
- Greater attractive force among the
molecules

As a rule, larger molecules have
higher boiling and melting points

Intensive or Intrinsic Property of a
compound; like dissolves like; polar
dissolves polar

If the solvent is polar, like water, then
smaller hydrocarbon component and
more charged hydrogen bonding, and
other polar groups will tend to _______
the solubility.

The number of Carbons: more carbons
means more of a non-polar/
hydrophobic character, and thus ____

Anything with a charged group
(ammonium, carboxylate, phosphate) is
almost certainly water soluble, unless
it has a ________, in which
case it will most likely be soluble in the
form of micelles, like soap or detergent.

Any functional group that can donate a
hydrogen bond to water (alcohols,
amines) will significantly contribute to

Any functional group that can only
accept a _______ (ketones, aldehydes, ethers) will have a somewhat smaller but still significant
effect on water solubility.

Other groups that contribute to polarity
(alkyl, halides, thiols, sulfides) will make
a _______ to water solubility