Topic 9

delivered prior to the onset of a disorder, these interventions are
intended to prevent or reduce the risk of developing a problem,
such as underage alcohol use, prescription drug misuse and abuse, and illicit drug use.

any medical service that defends against health emergencies.
It includes doctor visits, such as annual physicals, well-woman appointments, and dental cleanings.
Some medicines are preventive, such as immunizations, contraception, and allergy medications.
Screenings, such as tests for skin cancer, high cholesterol, and colonoscopies, are effective preventive measures. 

refers to measures designed to avoid the development of risk factors in the first place, early in life.
It is done by health promotion and awareness.
For example: Restricted salt diet in young children

Methods to avoid occurrence of disease either through
eliminating disease agents or increasing resistance to disease.
Examples include vaccination against diseases, maintaining a
healthy diet and exercise regimen for young adults and avoiding smoking.

It is done via early diagnosis and early treatment. Measures are taken to arrest
Examples include treatment of hypertension (a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases)

It includes methods to reduce the harm and agony of
Examples include surgical procedures that halt the spread or progression of untreatable cancer.

Methods to mitigate or avoid results of unnecessary or excessive interventions in the health system
These terms overlap as treatment and health care can not be strictly limited under one term

these strategies are designed to create environments and conditions that support
behavioral health and the ability of individuals to withstand challenges.
also reinforce the entire continuum of behavioral health services.

care implies to treatment of a medical pathology such that the
patient becomes free from the disease/pathology process along with its symptoms.
For example: Antibiotics in bacterial infection, surgery of an excisable tumor or the chemotherapy for other treatable diseases.

is an important part of the recovery process after surgery or significant injury. 
has a whole of person approach that aims to achieve the highest possible level
of function, maximize quality of life and minimize the need for ongoing health and community support.
aims to restore function across physical, psychological, social and vocational domains.

to assess for hearing impairment and fit hearing devices

to provide services for low vision

to assist with equipment and modifications to the home, school or workplace to support independence and participation

to provide services promoting foot health and mobility

to prescribe devices and that promote mobility, limb function and independence

to assist with strength training and improving balance, mobility and limb function.

to provide training around self-care and undertake activities of daily living, pain control and management

also can provide health promoting wellness programs to develop strength, balance and prevent falls

to assist people with psychosocial aspects of rehabilitation, particularly people with longer-term rehabilitation programs

to assess nutritional status, including the risk of malnutrition, and provide advice on
specialised nutritional support such as tube feeding or nutritional strategies
to manage chronic conditions such as diabetes

to assess and treat people with speech and swallowing difficulties

to encourage self-management skills, resilience and provide supports for
people to manage and overcome mental health issues that
may have a negative impact on achievement of rehabilitation goals.

More than three-fourths of the respondents (77 percent) from the Philippines believe that diabetes is inherited from their parents. About 32 percent of those who were included in the survey are willing to change their diet to support a member of their family with diabetes, and 47 percent are willing to exercise with a diabetic family member.
With the current population at over 100 million, the Philippines has more than 5 million diagnosed diabetes.

Manuel L. Quezon, the president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, was in exile in the United States when he died of tuberculosis (TB) at Saranac Lake, New York, on August 1, 1944.
Seventy-four years later, TB is still around killing 73 Filipinos every day, according to Dr. Willie T. Ong, who writes a regular column for a national daily. 
The Philippines ranked eighth among the 30 countries with the largest number of TB cases in the world, as per 2016 Global Tuberculosis Report. 

There are actually two types of dengue: dengue and severe dengue.
The latter, also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, was first recognized in the 1950s during dengue epidemics in the Philippines.
Before 1970, only nine countries had experienced severe dengue epidemics.
The disease is now endemic in more than 100 countries, with Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific
regions as among the most seriously affected, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

In 2008 two people per day were diagnosed of having the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), according to the records released by the Epidemiology Bureau of the Department of Health. 
Every day, seven people were infected in 2011, 13 in 2013 and 22 in 2015.  For this year, the number of people diagnosed daily with HIV is 32. HIV is the precursor of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
The Philippines “has also become one of the eight countries that account for more than 85 percent of new infections in the region,” stated a report from the United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS).

Every day, cervical cancer kills 12 Filipinos, mostly women.  Although it does not spared men, cervical cancer is women’s enemy number two.
“In the Philippines, cervical cancer is second to breast cancer as the most common malignancy that afflicts and kills women,” reports Dr. Cecilia Ladines-Llave, former chairman of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital Cancer Institute.

Alcohol kills more than HIV/AIDS, violence and road accidents combined, according to the recent report released by the United Nations health agency.  
The report said HIV/AIDS is responsible for 1.8 percent of global deaths, road injuries for 2.5 percent and violence for 0.8 percent.
In comparison, the harmful use of alcohol kills more than 3 million people each year. That’s about 1 in 20 deaths—and most of them belong to the male species. “More than three quarters of these deaths were among men,” pointed out the WHO report, Global Status Report On Alcohol And Health 2018.

A couple of years back, the President replied when asked by a television reporter on the subject: “Medical marijuana, yes, because it is really an ingredient of modern medicine.  There are medicines being developed, or are now in the market, that contain marijuana for medical purposes.”
“We’ve seen massive changes overtake a global cannabis culture already establishing itself at a remarkable pace,” the American magazine pointed out. “Canada has joined Uruguay as the second country in the world to legalize cannabis for adult use, markets in the US are growing with every election season, and even countries like Lebanon—whose long-standing diplomatic efforts with the West and its drug warriors caused a long tradition of excellent cannabis to fall by the wayside—are rethinking their relationship to the plant.”