Lesson 2.1

Strongest intermolecular force of attraction, energy ranges from 1-7 kcal /mol

Very weka force that exist in all atoms or melecules

Orientation effect/alignment effect, exist between dipole-dipole (polar and polar)

A polar molecules produces a temporary electric dipole in a non polar molecule

Energy ranges from 1-3 kcal /mole weaker than dipole dipole

Induction effect, combination of dipole and induced dipole

Weakest intermolecular forces, exist between non polar molecules

more electrons = stronger forces energy from 0.5 - 1 kcal/mole

Dispersion effect with two induced dipoles, nonpolar+ nonpolar

Polar molecules attracted to positive pr negatice charges energy 1-7 kcal/mole

Attraction induced by close proximity of charged ion to nonpopar molecule

Charged atom or molecule + dipole (polar)

charged ion + induced dipole (non polar) salt formation

Examples: Water, HCI, Ethanol, Phenol, Acetone

Examples: Methylene chloride, Ethyl Acetate, Ether

Examples: Carbon tetrachloride, Carbon disulfide, Hexane

Examples: Triodid complex, Quaternary ammonium compounds

Special dipole-dipole interaction beteeen H and O, N, or F

Partially positive H is attracted to partially negative O, N, or F of another molecule

Relatively strong force of attraction requires considerable energy to break

Can be both intermolecular and intramolecular

Forces of attrction between non atoms/ molecules in water

Less known due to lack of bonding with water molecules; water fearing

Occurs between partially charged ions; relatively strong

Temporary or induced dipoles: weakest attractions

Types; Ionic, Covalent, Metallic bonds

Electrostatic force between oppositely chsrge ions

Involves transfer of electrons ; metal donates, nonmetal accepts

Formed between atoms with small electronegativity difference

Involves sharing of electrons between two nonmetals