part 1

According to this point of view, great
leaders are simply born with the necessary
internal characteristics such as charisma,
confidence, intelligence, and social skills
that make them natural-born leaders

suggest that great leaders are born not made in the great man theory

assume that the capacity for leadership is inherent – that great leaders
are born, not made.

These theories often portray great leaders as
heroic, mythic and destined to rise to
leadership when needed.

The term "Great Man" was used because, at
the time, leadership was thought of primarily
as a male quality, especially in terms of
military leadership

▪ Such theories suggest that people cannot
really learn how to become strong leaders.
▪ It's either something you are born with or
born without.

Similar in some ways to Great Man
theories,_______ assume that people
inherit certain qualities and traits that make
them better suited to leadership.

focus on particular variables related to the
environment that might determine which
particular style of leadership is best suited
for the situation.

▪ According to this theory, no leadership
style is best in all situations.
▪ Effective leadership is not just about the
qualities of the leader, it is about striking the
right balance leadership style, qualities of the
followers and aspects of the situation.

A__________refers to a leader's
characteristic behaviors when directing,
motivating, guiding, and managing groups of
people.
▪ They can also motivate others to perform,
create, and innovate.

In 1939, a group of researchers led by
psychologist Kurt Lewin set out to identify
different styles of leadership.

▪ also known as autocratic leaders, provide
clear expectations for what needs to be done
when it should be done, and how it should be
done.

▪ This style of leadership is strongly focused on
both command by the leader and control of the
followers.
▪ There is also a clear division between the leader
and the members.

make decisions independently with little or no input from the
rest of the group.

▪ Researchers found that decision-making was
less creative under authoritarian leadership.
▪ Abuse of this method is usually viewed as
controlling, bossy, and dictatorial.

Authoritarian leadership is best applied to
situations where there is little time for group
decision-making or where the leader is the
most knowledgeable member of the group.

▪ also known as democratic leadership, is
typically the most effective leadership style

▪ Democratic leaders offer guidance to group
members, but they also participate in the group
and allow input from other group members.

▪ Participative leaders encourage group members
to participate but retain the final say in the
decision-making process

▪ Group members feel engaged in the process
and are more motivated and creative.
▪ ___________ tend to make followers feel
like they are an important part of the team,
which helps foster commitment to the goals of
the group

The followers in this group also made more
demands on the leader, showed little
cooperation, and were unable to work
independently

▪ Delegative leaders offer little or no guidance to
group members and leave decision-making up to
group members.
▪ It often leads to poorly defined roles and a lack
of motivation.

▪ Lewin noted that laissez-faire leadership tended
to result in groups that lacked direction where
members blamed each other for mistakes,
refused to accept personal responsibility, and
produced a lack of progress and work

▪ Is often identified as the single most effective style.
▪ This style was first described during the late
1970s and later expanded upon by researcher
Bernard M. Bass.

Some of the key characteristics of his style of
leadership are the abilities to motivate and
inspire followers and to direct positive changes
in groups.

▪ ___________ tend to be emotionally
intelligent, energetic, and passionate.
▪ They are not only committed to helping the
organization achieve its goals, but also to
helping group members fulfill their potential.

Research has revealed that this style of
leadership resulted in higher performance and
more improved group satisfaction than other
leadership styles.

▪ The_______________ views the
leader-follower relationship as a transaction.
▪ The _________ focuses on the follower
completing required tasks in exchange for
monetary compensation

▪ One of the main advantages of this leadership
style is that it creates clearly defined roles.
▪ It also allows leaders to offer a great deal of
supervision and direction if it's needed.
▪ Group members may also be motivated to
perform well to receive rewards

▪ 2 types
▪ Hersey and Blanchard's leadership styles
▪ Blanchard's SLII leadership styles

is one of the best-known situational theories.
▪ First published in 1969, this model describes
four primary styles of leadership

The _____ is characterized by telling
people what to do.

The _____ involves leaders convincing
followers to buy into their ideas and messages.

The______is marked by
allowing group members to take a more active
role in the decision-making process.

The ______ involves taking a handsoff approach to leadership and allowing group
members to make the majority of decisions.

expanded upon the original Hersey
and Blanchard model to emphasize how the
developmental and skill level of learners
influences the style that should be used by
leaders.

The _____ involves giving orders and
expecting obedience but offers little in the way
of guidance and assistance.

The _______ means giving lots of
orders, but leaders also give lots of support

The _____ is an approach that
offers plenty of help, but very little direction.

The _____ is low in both direction
and support.

of leadership are based
upon the belief that great leaders are
made, not born.
▪ Consider it the flip-side of the Great Man
theories.

▪ This leadership theory focuses on the actions
of leaders, not on mental qualities or internal
states. .
▪ According to this theory, people can learn to
become leaders through teaching and
observation.

_____ suggest
that the ideal leadership style is one that
takes the input of others into account.

▪ These leaders encourage participation and
contributions from group members and help
group members feel more relevant and
committed to the decision-making process.
▪ In participative theories, however, the leader
retains the right to allow the input of others.

also known as transactional theories, focus
on the role of supervision, organization
and group performance.

▪ These theories base leadership on a system
of rewards and punishments.
▪ ______ are often used in
business; when employees are successful,
they are rewarded; when they fail, they are
reprimanded or punished

also known as transformational theories,
focus upon the connections formed
between leaders and followers

___ ____motivate and
inspire people by helping group members see
the importance and higher good of the task.
▪ These leaders are focused on the
performance of group members, but also
want each person to fulfill his or her
potential

Like most things, leadership is a highly multifaceted subject, and it is a mixture of many
factors that help determine why some
people become great leaders

Leaders with this style
often have high ethical
and moral standards.