required formulas

5ml, 15ml

30 ml (29.47)

8oz, 240 ml (236.56)

16 oz, 480 ml (473)

2 pints, 960ml (946)

4 quarts, 3840 ml (3875)

2.2 lb

28.4 grams

454 grams

65 mg (64.8)

1:1 for monovalent ions
1:0.5 for divalent ions

2.54 cm

100 cm

x g/100 mL

x g/ 100 g

x mL/100 mL

100/ percentage strength

100/ ratio strength

move the decimal left 4 places

move the decimal right 4 places

grams of substance / grams of water
or
g/mL
dilution &concentration
(changing strength or volume)

Q1C1 = Q2C2
Q1 = old quantity
C1 = old conc
Q2 = new quant
C2 = neq conc
alligation

higher % strength X parts high %..........Y amt
desired
% strength
lower % strength X parts low %.......... Y amt
-----------------
total amount parts X% ...... Y amt

use proportions to calculate the amount if high or low percent required
will be given some of the x's and y's

(wt of substance (g/L)/MW (g/mol)) x(# particles) x1000

58.5i/1.8MW

g/MW

mg/MW

(mg x valence)/MW
or
mmol x valence

for albumin <3.5
not needed when ionized calcium is given in labs
parenteral nutrition calories
dextrose monohydrate

3.4 kcalram
parenteral nutrition calories
amino acid solutions

4 kcalram
parenteral nutrition calories
lipids (ILE)

10% = 1.1 kcal/mL
20% = 2 kcal/mL
30% = 3 kcal/mL
enteral nutrition calories
dextrose or amino acids

4 kcalram
enteral nutrition calories
lipids

9 kcalram

when weight > 20kg
1500 mL + (20 mL)(wt in kg - 20)
**can estimate using 30-40 mL/kg/day

BEE x activity factor x stress factor

(wt kg)/(ht m)^2
or
[(wt lb)/(ht inch)^2] x 703

IBW + 0.4(TBW-IBW)

all drugs, (if under weight) = use TBW
most drugs (if normal weight or obese) = use TBW
- under wt: TBW < IBW
- normal wt: TBW = IBW or TBW </= 1.2xIBW
- obese wt: TBW > 1.2xIBW
exceptions:
1) IBW for acyclovir, levothyroxine, aminophylline, theophylline (normal weight, obese)
2) AdjBW for aminoglycosides (obese)

(drops/mL) x (mL/hr) x (1hr/60min) = drops/min

BUN:Scr > 20:1

ABG: pH/pCO2/pO2/HCO3/O2 sat
1) pH < 7.35 acidosis / pH > 7.45 alkalosis
2) respiratory: pCO2 < 35 alkalosis / pCO2 > 45 acidosis
metabolic: HCO3 > 26 alkalosis / HCO3 < 22 acidosis
3)which abnormal value matches the pH from step #1?
ROME: Respiratory Opposite Metebolic Equal
Ex 1: decreased pH + increased pCO2 = resp acidosis
Ex 2: increased pH + decreased pCo2 = resp alkalosis
Ex 3: decreased pH + decreased HCO3 = meta acidosis
Ex 4: increased pH + increased HCO3 = meta alkalosis

Na - Cl - HCO3
pH calculation

pH calculation

percent ionization

100 / 1+10^(pKa-pH)
percent ionization

100 / 1+10^(pH-pKa)

where segs = neutrophils
temperature conversion

(F-32)/1.8
temperature conversions

(Cx1.8)+32

mean = average value
median = value in the middle of an ordered list
mode = value that occurs most frequently

# with unfavorable event in group / total in group

risk in TMT group / risk in CTRL group

when RR = 1 (or 100%) then no diff b/t grps
when RR < 1 (or 100%) then benefit w/ drug
when RR > 1 (or 100%) then no benefit (harm?) w/ drug

(% risk CTRL grp - % risk TMT grp) / (% risk CTRL grp)

(% risk CTRL grp) - (% risk TMT grp)

100/ARR**
**AS A PERCENT

outcome
yes no

yes (TMT) A B
exposure
no (CTRL) C D
----------------------------------------------------------
OR = AD/BC

(# w/outcome TMT) x (# w/out outcome CTRL)
OR = ---------------------------------------------------
(# w/out outcome TMT) x (# w/outcome CTRL)

hazard rate in TMT grp / hazard rate in CTRL grp

measures how well a test can correctly identify patients WITH the condition (TRUE POSITIVE)

= [TP / (TP + FN)] X 100

measures how well a test can correctly identify patients WITHOUT the condition (TRUE NEGATIVE)

= [TN / (TN + FN)] X 100

TTB (without sunscreen) x SPF

1) calculate TDD 0.6 units/kg/day using TBW
2) divide into 1/2 basal & 1/2 rapid acting
- If using NPH/R use 2/3 & 1/3
3) split rapid acting among meals
insulin to carb ratio

500/TDD = g carbs covered by 1 unit RA insulin
insulin to carb ratio

450/TDD = g carbs covered by 1 unit regular insulin
correction factor

1800/TDD = correction factor for 1 unit RA insulin
correction factor

1500/TDD = correction factor for 1 unit regular insulin

(BG now - target BG) / correction factor

TC - HDL - (TG/5)
**do not use if TG > 400

sensitivity requirement / 0.05

m^3 = square root of [(cm x wt)/3600]
**use for oncology chemo calculations

100 x (EV AUC / IV AUC) x (IV dose / EV dose)

EV = extravascular

AMT drug in body / conc drug in plasma

(F x dose)/AUC
or
Ke x Vd

Ke = Cl/Vd

C1 = C2 x e^-kt
Ke = ln(C1/C2) / t

0.693/Ke

(desired conc x Vd) / F

= total phenytoin measured / [(0.2 x albumin) + 0.1]
** for albumin < 3.5, not needed for free phenytoin, can also be used for valproic acid

KCl 10% = 20 mEq/15 mL
KCl 20% = 40 mEq/15 mL

calcium carbonate = 40% elemental calcium
calcium citrate = 21% elemental calcium

A-->T : multiply by 0.8 (remember: ATM)
T-->A : divide by 0.8 (remember: TAD)

ethacrynic acid = 50 mg
furosemide = 40 mg
torsemide = 20 mg
bumetinide = 1 mg

furosemide IV:PO = 1:2
other loops IV:PO = 1:1

IV:PO = 1:2.5

ferrous sulfate = 20% elemental iron
e.g. 325 mg x 0.2 = 65 mg

usually, 1:1 conversion

EXCEPTIONS:
1) NPH dosed BID to glargine dosed daily --> use 80% NPH dose
2) Toujeo --> Lantus or Basaglar, use 80% Toujeo dose

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Cortisone 25 mg
Hydrocortisone 20
Prednisone 5
Prednisolone 5
Methylprednisolone 4
Triamcinolone 4
Dexamethasone 0.75
Betamethasone 0.6

Pharmacists Rock At Saving Lives & Preventing Fatty-deposits

Pitavastatin 2 mg
Rosuvastatin 5
Atorvastatin 10
Simvastatin 20
Lovastatin 40
Pravastatin 40
Fluvastatin 80

morphine 10 mg IV/IM --> 30 mg PO
hydromorphone 1.5 mg IV/IM --> 7.5 mg PO

PS CROPS
decrease substrate concentrations --> decrease effect
subtherapeutic doses --> treatment failure

Phenytoin
Smoking
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Oxcarbazepine
Phenobarbital
St. John's Wort

G PACMAN
increase substrate concentrations --> increase effect
supratherapeutic doses --> more toxicity

Grapfruit
Protease inhibitors (-navir)
Cobicistat, Cyclosporine
Macrolides
Amiodarone
Non-DHP CCB (verapamil, diltiazem)

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Pink 1 mg
Lavender 2 mg
Green 2.5
Brown 3
Blue 4
Peach 5
Teal 6
Yellow 7.5
White 10