1According to binomial nomenclature, which two taxons are used to represent the organisms?
Genus and species
2What is the correct order for the taxons of life from most general to most specific?
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
3According to the 5 kingdom system, what kingdom contains organisms whose structure is composed of prokaryotic cells?
kingdom Monera
4The scientific name of the white oak is Quercus alba. Which of the following has the most similarities?
a. Felis domesticus
b. Quercus rubra
c. Lumbricus terrestris
d. Passer domerticus
b
5Bacterial cells that have rod-shaped cells are called
bacilli
612. What type of bacterium has a cell wall made of a thin layer of peptidoglycan, has an extra cell membrane, does not readily absorbs the purple-blue dye, and becomes stained pink-red?
gram-negative bacteria
713. One-celled organisms that live in extreme environments such as in hot
springs or in deep ocean vents are called? What domain are they in?
domain Archae
814. If a sample of food is dehydrated, what condition for bacterial growth are
you removing from the food?
Moisture
915. A bacterium receives a new trait that it did not previously have. However, it
did not participate in conjugation. How is this possible?
transformation or transduction
1016. What is the shape and colony type of bacteria from the genus Streptococcus?
Since Streptococcus ends with coccus the bacteria are spherical. Since the name starts with strepto- the colonies would form chains.
1117. A population is composed of bacteria that are very sensitive to light. They
live in a lake that is a cave, so they flourish. Slowly, however, a hole begins to erode in the cave's roof. As the days pass, light begins to filter in and the cave starts to be dimly lit. The bacteria begin to die. While the erosion is taking place, however, two individual bacteria in the soil above ground fall into the lake. These bacteria cannot survive in the dimness of the poorly-lit cave, so they die immediately. Days later, the hole has opened up so that light floods the cavern. Nevertheless, the bacteria that were once dying are flourishing, with a population larger than they had before the erosion. Explain how this could have happened.
A bacterium had to have participared in transformation so that the ability to live in light was absorbed from at least one of the dead bacteria that fell in the lake. Then, because there were a lot of them, that bacterium must have reproduced by conjugation with others or undergone asexual reprodution.
1218. In general, what are the main parts of a virus?
Viruses are usually made up of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) which is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid.
1319. How are the lytic and lysogenic cycles the same? How are they different?
They are the same because they both start with a virus injecting its DNA or RNA into a living cell.
In the lytic cycle, the viral DNA hijacks the cell's replication and protein synthesis systems and makes copies of its DNA and proteins. Eventually, the cell ruptures, releasing the new viruses.
In the lysogenic cycle, the DNA inserts itself into the the DNA of the cell and is replicated along with the cell's DNA. It does not lyse the cell.
14What does a vaccine do to make a person immune to a virus?
A vaccine stimulates the body's immune system to produce antibodies against the virus. The immune system remembers the virus so that new antibodies are made if the person comes in contact with the virus again.