Comprehensive Set for Chapter 5

Which of the following is not an autotroph?
yeast
grass
algae
cyanobacterium
oak tree

Why are plant leaves green?
They reflect green wavelengths of light.
They reflect yellow and blue wavelengths of light.
They reflect nearly all wavelengths of light.
They absorb only yellow and blue wavelengths of light.
They absorb only green wavelengths of light.

To what does the term granum (plural = grana) refer?
a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast
the double membrane of the chloroplast
the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast
a stack of thylakoid membrane structures
the cytochrome system in the membranes of the thylakoids

The substance that initially traps solar energy in photosynthesis is
glucose.
RuBP.
pyruvate.
chlorophyll.
water.

In the process of photosynthesis, the light reactions follow the Calvin cycle reactions.
True
False

There is an inverse relationship between wavelength of light and amount of energy.
True
False.

Water is split and oxygen is released in
the cyclic electron pathway.
the Calvin cycle reactions.
the light-dependent reactions.
the electron transport chain.
photosystem I.

Which of the following allows photosynthetic organisms to capture solar energy?
NAD+
ribosomes
glucose
nucleus
pigments

How many membranes does a chloroplast have?
three
one
five
two
four

What are the products of photosynthesis?
carbohydrate and water
oxygen and carbohydrate
water and carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide and carbohydrate
water and oxygen

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration utilize the same chemical pathways but in reverse of each other.
True
False

Which of the following is not an autotroph?
yeast
grass
algae
cyanobacterium
oak tree

How many total carbons are involved in carbon dioxide fixation with 3 molecules of carbon dioxide and 3 molecules of RuBP?
18
24
30
6
12

Which of the following is not an autotroph?
yeast
grass
algae
cyanobacterium
oak tree

What is the function of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) during photosynthesis?
It splits carbon dioxide to release oxygen.
It combines with ATP to form G3P.
It produces the CO2 needed for photosynthesis.
It combines with CO2 to produce a 6-carbon compound.
It splits water to release oxygen.

Which of the following statements comparing the ATP synthase complex in cellular respiration and photosynthesis is not true?
Both work via chemiosmosis.
Both are located in a membrane.
Both require the movement of H+ from inside a compartment to outside of the compartment.
Both require a H+ gradient.
Both produce ATP.

What are the stages of the Calvin cycle?
the light reactions, regeneration of RuBP, and cyclic electron pathway
carbon dioxide fixation and reduction
carbon dioxide fixation and regeneration of RuBP
carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, and regeneration of RuBP
the noncyclic electron pathway and the cyclic electron pathway

Only organisms with chloroplasts are capable of photosynthesis.
True
False

In what ways are photosynthesis and cellular respiration not alike?
Both require a membrane.
Both require a cyclical enzymatic pathway.
Both will use the electron carrier NADH.
Both require an electron transport chain.
Both require ATP.

Which of the following is not an autotroph?
yeast
grass
algae
cyanobacterium
oak tree

Which part of photosynthesis does not occur inside the thylakoid membrane?
Calvin cycle reactions
electron transport chain
light reactions

The "antenna" system of a plant that gathers the solar energy consists of
the epidermal cells of the leaf.
the hydrogen ions (H+)
the grana.
the ATP synthase complex.
the pigment complex, or photosystem.

In the process of photosynthesis, the light reactions follow the Calvin cycle reactions.
True
False

At the cellular level, photosynthesis occurs within
the cristae of the mitochondria.
the nucleus of plants but not of animals.
the chloroplast.
both chloroplasts and mitochondria.
all plant cell organelles.

Photosystem I comes before photosystem II in the electron transport chain of photosynthesis.
True
False

Which statement about photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?
Photosynthesis breaks down carbohydrates, while cellular respiration produces carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis requires oxygen, while cellular respiration requires sunlight.
Photosynthesis produces oxygen, while cellular respiration uses oxygen.
Photosynthesis produces water, while cellular respiration uses water.
Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, while cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.

Which pathway is the foundation for the majority of ecosystems and food chains on Earth?
chemosynthesis
photosynthesis
anaerobic respiration
decomposition
aerobic respiration

What is the energy of a photon first used to do in photosynthesis?
energize an electron
produce ATP
split a water molecule
synthesize glucose

Plants produce oxygen when they photosynthesize. Where does the oxygen come from?
splitting water molecules
ATP synthesis
the electron transport chain
chlorophyll

The formation of carbohydrate occurs within the
stroma.
thylakoid space.
inner chloroplast membrane.
thylakoid membranes.
outer chloroplast membrane.

What is the value of photosynthesis to humans?
It will reduce the amount of methane in the atmosphere.
It will convert carbohydrates into usable forms of energy for humans.
It results in the production of fatty acids and oxygen.
It results in the production of proteins and oxygen.
It will reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

In the Calvin cycle, the three-carbon molecule that will be immediately formed after carbon dioxide fixation occurs is
RuBP.
3-PGA.
glucose.
G3P.
PS I.

The main function of stomata is to
allow passage of CO2 and O2 into the leaf.
expose the chlorophyll to sunlight.
store pyruvate and provide the site of the Calvin cycle.
transport water to the chlorophyll.
store glucose.

Which statement about producers (= autotrophs) and/or consumers (= heterotrophs) is true?
Consumers are not dependent upon other organisms for food.
Only one species of producer and consumer can exist in any single community.
Consumers not only feed themselves but also feed producers.
All animals must be either producers or consumers.
Producers produce more food than they use.

Which of the following statements is false?
During photosynthesis, energy from the sun is used to form carbohydrates.
During cellular respiration, mitochondria release carbon dioxide.
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is used.
During cellular respiration, carbohydrate energy is converted into ATP.
During photosynthesis, oxygen is used.

Which of these is most closely associated with the process of electron transport?
a stack of thylakoid membrane structures
a sequence of molecules in the membranes of the thylakoids
the double membrane of the chloroplast
the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast
a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast

What are the two sets of reactions for photosynthesis?
light reactions, Calvin cycle reactions
electron transport chain, light reactions
glycolysis, citric acid cycle
Calvin cycle reactions, citric acid cycle
light reactions, glycolysis

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
Both processes use an electron transport chain located in membranes of organelles.
Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in plant cells.
Both processes produce oxygen.
Both processes produce ATP by chemiosmosis.
One or more electron carriers are used in both processes.

The H+ (protons) accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystems I and II. The excess of protons in the thylakoid space
is small enough to diffuse back out through the lipid bilayer.
enters the photorespiration pathway.
raises the pH of the space until the processes stop.
moves from the thylakoid space to the stroma through the ATP synthase complex.
converts NADP to NADPH and generates ATP in the process.

Plants produce oxygen when they photosynthesize. Where does the oxygen come from?
splitting water molecules
ATP synthesis
the electron transport chain
chlorophyll

Which of the following statements is false?
During photosynthesis, energy from the sun is used to form carbohydrates.
During cellular respiration, mitochondria release carbon dioxide.
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is used.
During cellular respiration, carbohydrate energy is converted into ATP.
During photosynthesis, oxygen is used

Some herbicides inhibit the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane. Without the movement of electrons, hydrogen ions would not be pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid space and the hydrogen ion gradient would not be established. How would this affect the Calvin cycle reactions?
RuBP carboxylase would not function properly, so CO2 fixation would not occur.
Sunlight could no longer be used by the chloroplast, but this would have no effect on the Calvin cycle reactions because they do not require light.
Since the Calvin cycle reactions occur in a different part of the chloroplast, there would be no effect.
CO2 would not enter the cell as a result, and the Calvin cycle reactions would not occur.
ATP would not be produced and, as a result, the Calvin cycle reactions would not occur.

The reservoir for hydrogen ions for chemiosmotic ATP synthesis during photosynthesis is the
matrix.
thylakoid space.
cytoplasm.
stroma.
thylakoid membrane.

Which molecule would you need to radioactively label in order to produce radioactive oxygen during photosynthesis?
cytochrome
water
G3P
carbon dioxide
glucose

What does the term stroma refer to?
a stack of thylakoid membrane structures
the double membrane of the chloroplast
the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast
the cytochrome system in the membranes of the thylakoids
a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast

We set up an experiment where the same species of plant is grown in boxes covered with plastic that only allows a single color of light through. In which box would we expect the least plant growth and even perhaps the death of the plant to occur?
white
blue
indigo
red
green

Heterotrophs
are ultimately dependent upon preformed organic molecules made by autotrophs.
are also called autotrophs.
have the ability to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules.
are the origin of all food for the rest of the living world.
None of the answer choices is characteristic of heterotrophs.

Which cofactor is involved in the Calvin cycle reactions?
FAD
both NAD+ and FAD
NAD+
NADP+
both FAD and NADP+

Where in plant cells does the Calvin cycle take place?
stroma
thylakoid membrane
thylakoid space
granum

Which color(s) of light does chlorophyll a reflect?
green
red and blue
red
blue

What is the molecule that leaves the Calvic cycle to be converted into glucose?
G3P
ADP
RuBP
3-PGA

The Calvin cycle reactions are dependent upon a supply of
carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP.
carbon dioxide and NADPH.
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
water and carbon dioxide.
glucose and carbon dioxide.

Which of the following is a substrate in the photosynthesis equation?
C6H12O6
CO2
O2
H2

Which of the following statements is false?
During photosynthesis, energy from the sun is used to form carbohydrates.
During cellular respiration, mitochondria release carbon dioxide.
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is used.
During cellular respiration, carbohydrate energy is converted into ATP.
During photosynthesis, oxygen is used.

The raw materials (or reactants) of the photosynthetic process include
glucose and oxygen.
carbon dioxide and oxygen.
glucose and water.
carbon dioxide and glucose.
carbon dioxide and water.

The flattened sacs within the stroma of a chloroplast, which are connected to form a single inner compartment, are called
thylakoids.
CAM units.
carotenoids.
stomata.
mesophyll.

Visible light has more energy than radio waves.
True
False

Which molecule absorbs the energy of a photon in photosynthesis?
chlorophyll
ATP
glucose
water

At night, plants cannot run metabolic pathways because there is no sunlight.
True
False