Comprehensive Set for Chapter 6

In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is
92.
20.
variable depending on whether male or female.
23.
46.

Which is NOT a correct association?
haploid - one of each chromosome
cytokinesis - division of the cytoplasm
mitosis - when a cell duplicates and then divides twice to reduce chromosome number by half
centromere - point where sister chromatids remain attached
sister chromatids - two identical chromosome strands still attached at the centromere

An organism's traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited ___.
genes
cells
proteins
chromatids

The chromatids are held together at a region called the centromere.
True
False

In prokaryotes, the genome is a single, double-stranded molecule in a loop or circle.
True
False

Cells that have one copy of each type of chromosome are ___.
diploid
haploid
abnormal
duplicated

All of the DNA found in a cell is called its ___.
genome
nucleus
nucleoid
gametes

Upon examination, a cell is found to have twice as much DNA as the normal diploid state but is no longer in the process of replicating the DNA. All of the DNA is found within a single nucleus. Which stage of the cell cycle is this cell in?
G2 phase
cytokinesis
mitotic (M) phase
G1 phase
S phase

Which is NOT a correct association?
G1 stage - cell grows in size
mitotic phase - mitosis and cytokinesis
interphase - shortest stage of the cell cycle
S stage - DNA synthesis
G2 stage - metabolic preparation for mitosis

Following a cut or scrape, which process repairs your skin?
meiosis
mitosis and apoptosis
meiosis and mitosis
apoptosis
mitosis

What is necessary for a cell to pass the G2 checkpoint?
cell has reached a sufficient size
accurate and complete DNA replication
an adequate supply of nucleotides
proper attachment of mitotic spindle fibers to kinetochores

Chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers in order to move to and from the equator.
True
False

The absence of a nucleus, division of DNA through binary fission, and the use of FtsZ proteins for the separation of daughter cells is characteristic of ___ cells.
protist
animal
prokaryotic
plant

If a crayfish has 200 total chromosomes in its body cells (not ovaries or testes),
they would consist of 100 pairs with one of each pair from the father, one of each pair from the mother.
all 200 come from the mother in a female crayfish, all 200 from the father in a male crayfish.
any 100 could have been from its father and any 100 from its mother.
50 pairs or 100 total would come from the father and 50 pairs from the mother.
as many as none to 200 came from the father and conversely, from 200 to none would have come from the mother.

Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct?
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
prophase, anaphase, interphase, telophase, metaphase
metaphase, prometaphase, prophase, telophase, anaphase
interphase, metaphase, prophase, anaphase, prometaphase

In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?
prophase.
anaphase.
interphase.
metaphase.
telophase.

What eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in binary fission?
mitosis
cell growth
DNA duplication
cytokinesis

Which of the following proteins would you expect to be coded for by a proto-oncogene?
a positive cell-cycle regulator
a protein involved with the G1 checkpoint
a DNA repair protein
a DNA replication protein

Apoptosis is programmed cell death.
True
False

In humans, the diploid number of chromosomes is
92.
20.
variable depending on whether male or female.
23.
46.

Which of the following is not true concerning the checkpoints in the cell cycle?
Mitosis stops if chromosomes are not properly aligned.
The first checkpoint is located in the S phase of interphase.
If DNA is damaged, the cell will not be released into the S phase.
Mitosis will not occur if DNA is damaged or not replicated.

Somatic cells are the cells of the body other than the sex cells and, in humans, are diploid.
True
False

Cells that have one copy of each type of chromosome are ___.
diploid
haploid
abnormal
duplicated

Some prokaryotes have ___, smaller loops of DNA that are not essential for normal growth.
plasmids
chromosomes
chromatids
centromeres

A diploid cell has ___ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell.
twice
one-fourth
one-half
four times

Technically, mitosis refers to nuclear division and NOT cytoplasmic division.
True
False

With regards to cancer, which of the following is NOT a function the p53 protein?
activate other genes whose products halt the cell cycle
activate genes whose products participate in DNA repair
activate genes that initiate cell death when DNA damage cannot be repaired
activate genes that push the cell cycle past a checkpoint before all of the required conditions are met
All of the above are functions of the p53 gene.

The overall cell cycle is dramatically different for animals than for plant cells.
True
False

The cell division process of prokaryotic cells is ___.
mitosis
binary fission
anaphase
independent assortment

During which phases of the cell cycle do the chromosomes look like Xs?
prophase, anaphase
anaphase, metaphase
anaphase, telophase
prophase, metaphase
metaphase, telophase

How does cell division differ between animal and plant cells?
Plant cells form a cleavage furrow or indentation of membrane between new daughter cells.
Animal cells lack centrioles and no spindle forms during cell division.
The cell plate is the final partitioning of plant cells.
Plant cells resort to binary fission.
There is no difference. Plant cells and animal cells undergo the same cellular processes during mitosis.

During what stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope disappear and the chromosomes become distinct?
metaphase
telophase
interphase
anaphase
prometaphase

Separation of the sister chromatids is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis?
prometaphase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Which of the following are genetically identical?
the mother's and the father's chromosomes
the mother's and her child's chromosomes
the father's and his child's chromosomes
both members of a pair of chromosomes
sister chromatids

Cells that have two copies of each type of chromosome are ___.
diploid
haploid
duplicated
abnormal

The cell cycle consists of
changes from a haploid to a diploid state.
prophase and interphase.
metaphase and interphase.
the mitotic phase and interphase.
the meiotic phase and interphase.

Egg and sperms cells are referred to as ___.
gametes
diploid
somatic cells
plasmids

During interphase,
the cell begins to die.
hereditary material duplicates itself.
the cell rounds up and detaches from its neighbors.
the cell is at rest.
two nuclei split.

During which stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes duplicate?
telophase
mitosis
prophase
anaphase
interphase

Haploid cells are designated 2n.
True
False

The sister chromatids become visible with a light microscope during which stage of mitosis?
prometaphase
prophase
metaphase
anaphase

What eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in binary fission?
mitosis
cell growth
DNA duplication
cytokinesis

Which type of genes, when abnormally activated so that protein is always present and active, can result in cancer?
tumor suppressor genes
executioner caspase genes
DNA repair protein genes
proto-oncogenes
initator caspase genes

If the total number of chromosomes in a cell is six, then after mitosis there will be
You Answered
12 chromosomes in each daughter cell.
six chromosomes in each daughter cell.
two chromosomes in each daughter cell.
three chromosomes in one daughter cell and six chromosomes in the other cell.
three chromosomes in each daughter cell.

The mitotic phase of cell division consists of
mitosis and cytokinesis.
meiosis and mitosis.
DNA synthesis and DNA degradation.
cell growth and cell death.
duplication and division.

Homologous chromosomes must be genetically identical to each other.
True
False

Eukaryotes have their DNA arranged in numerous double-stranded, linear DNA molecules bound with proteins; these structures are called ___.
chromosomes
plasmids
centromeres
mitotic spindles

Somatic cells are the cells of the body other than the sex cells and, in humans, are diploid.
True
False

An organism's traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited ___.
genes
cells
proteins
chromatids

In prokaryotes, the region of the cell that contains its genetic material is called the nucleus.
True
False

___ are changes to the nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein.
Proto-oncogenes
Tumor suppressor genes
Gene mutations
Negative regulators

Which of the following proteins would you expect to be coded for by a proto-oncogene?
a positive cell-cycle regulator
a protein involved with the G1 checkpoint
a DNA repair protein
a DNA replication protein

The nuclear membrane reappears in mitosis during
anaphase.
interphase.
metaphase.
telophase.
prophase.

Starting with the S phase, which of the following is the correct sequence for the cell cycle?
S - mitotic - G2 - G1
S - G1 - mitotic - G2
S - G2 - mitotic - G1
S - mitotic - G1 - G2
S - G1 - G1 - mitotic

In plant cells, what is responsible for organizing the spindle?
asters
centromeres
centrioles
centrosomes
microtubules

All of the DNA found in a cell is called its ___.
genome
nucleus
nucleoid
gametes

The nuclear membrane reappears in mitosis during
anaphase.
interphase.
metaphase.
telophase.
prophase.

The genes that code for the proteins of the signaling pathway could be classified as
caspase genes.
proto-oncogenes.
tumor suppressor genes.
cyclin genes.
DNA repair genes.

In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?
prophase.
anaphase.
interphase.
metaphase.
telophase.

Haploid cells are designated 2n.
True
False