Chapter 15

Which of the following is NOT true about protostomes?
They are more advanced than acoelomates, but not as advanced as deuterostomes.
They will become mollusks, annelids, and arthropods.
The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus.
They are types of advanced invertebrates.
They form a true coelom

The stinging structures called nematocysts are characteristic of
cnidarians.
sponges.
roundworms.
clams.
flatworms.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the flatworms?
There are three complete tissue layers.
Most planaria are found in marine environments, but some dwell in freshwater and moist terrestrial environments.
Flatworms have a sac body plan, with only a mouth and no anus.
Parasitic flatworms have a well-developed head with eyespots and nerves concentrated into a brain.
Flatworms may be either free living or parasitic.

A floating Portuguese man-of-war is
merely an inflated, noncircular jellyfish.
the first animal with complete organ systems.
a cubozoan.
a colony of polyps composed of different types of individuals.
a free-swimming polyp in the hydra group.

Sponges are filter feeders and are usually
active predators.
always herbivorous.
sessile or relatively inactive.
squids.
snails.

What system do the cnidaria have that sponges lack?
reproductive
respiratory
excretory
circulatory
nervous

Which of the following are NOT cnidaria?
hydrozoa
sea anemones
corals
Portuguese man-of-war
planaria

In vertebrates, the ________ is/are usually replaced by ________.
pharyngeal slits; gill arches
notochord; a dorsal hollow nerve cord
dorsal hollow nerve cord; a ventral solid nerve cord
notochord; a vertebral column
gill arches; pharyngeal slits

"Derm" means "skin," so the name Echinodermata literally means
spiny skin.
skinless.
soft skin.
ability to store water.
circulation of water.

The madreporite helps the sea star
digest food and distribute it to the arms.
locate food.
keep its surface clean of algae and barnacles and debris.
absorb water to regulate its vascular system.
reproduce.

The jawless fish that is parasitic, attaching itself to and sucking fluids from the tissues of a living fish, is the
lamprey.
hagfish.
skate.
ray-finned fish.
coelacanth.

Sponges exhibit radial symmetry.
True
False

Chordates are considered to be more related to echinoderms than any other group because
the nervous system of echinoderms is similar to that of chordates.
You Answered
there is a direct lineage from sea stars to tunicates.
both echinoderms and chordate are deuterostomes.
tunicates are echinoderms.
adult echinoderms display similar characteristics as adult chordates.

The term deuterostome refers to
the second embryonic opening becoming the mouth.
possessing a notochord.
having a spiny skin.
having three germ layers.
the coelom forming by outpocketing of the primitive gut.

The Squamata includes ___.
crocodiles and alligators
turtles
tuataras
lizards and snakes

Cnidocytes are found in the Phylum ___.
Porifera
Nemertea
Nematoda
Cnidaria

Larval tunicates differ from adults in all but one of the following ways. Which of the following is not true?
The adults do not have pharynx and gill slits, while the larvae do.
The adults are sessile and the larvae are free-swimming.
The adults do not have a dorsal, hollow nerve chord, while the larvae do.
The adults do not have a postanal tail, while the larvae do.
The adults do not have a notochord, while the larvae do.

Which of the following does NOT occur?
radially symmetrical diploblast
diploblastic eucoelomate
protostomic coelomate
bilaterally symmetrical deuterostome

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a shark?
a sucker used to attach to prey
ability to sense pressure of other swimming objects
ability to detect blood in minute amounts
ability to sense electric currents in the water
skeleton of cartilage

Both echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes. This means that
they both use calcium-based endoskeletons.
they both have eyes that have retinas.
they both start with radial symmetry in their early embryonic stages.
they have a similar development in their embryonic stages.
they are both invertebrates.

Which of the following organisms are considered advanced invertebrates with a true coelom?
hydras (= hydrozoans)
sponges
earthworms
roundworms
flatworms

Which difference distinguishes protostomes from deuterostomes?
One has cephalization and one doesn't.
One has a notochord and one doesn't.
One has a nervous system, and one doesn't.
One has a circulatory system and one doesn't.
Their embryonic development is different.

A sponge actually feeds by
squeezing the spongocoel cavity and sucking debris in and out through the osculum.
acting as a net in a current that sweeps food particles through it.
the beating of the flagella of collar cells (or choanocytes), forming a current; food is absorbed by collar cells.
water the moves gently through the sponge and the amoebocytes that engulf passing food.
the beating collar cells form a current from osculum to pores; the food is engulfed by amoebocytes in the central cavity of the sponge.

A closed circulatory system is found in
clams.
insects.
earthworms.
scorpions.
snails.

What system do the cnidaria have that sponges lack?
reproductive
respiratory
excretory
circulatory
nervous

he two layers of tissue in a hydra are
the epidermis that contains flame cells and the gastrodermis that contains the nephridia.
the epidermis that covers and protects and the gastrodermis that contains a ladder-like nervous system.
the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis, where cells that complete digestion are found.
the epidermis, which covers and protects, and the inner layer that contains flame cells.
the epidermis that covers and protects and the gastrodermis that contains the nephridia.

Chordates are considered to be more related to echinoderms than any other group because
the nervous system of echinoderms is similar to that of chordates.
there is a direct lineage from sea stars to tunicates.
both echinoderms and chordate are deuterostomes.
tunicates are echinoderms.
adult echinoderms display similar characteristics as adult chordates.

Which of the following is NOT a unique characteristic of chordates at some point in their life history?
notochord
dorsal hollow nerve cord
protostome development
pharyngeal slits
post-anal tail

Which of the following is NOT an echinoderm?
sand dollar
sea star
sea urchin
crayfish
sea cucumber

he madreporite helps the sea star
digest food and distribute it to the arms.
locate food.
keep its surface clean of algae and barnacles and debris.
absorb water to regulate its vascular system.
reproduce.

Which of the following sequences correctly represents vertebrate evolution?
jawless fish → amphibians → reptiles → lobe-finned fish → mammals
lobe-finned fish → reptiles → mammals → jawless fish → amphibians
lobe-finned fish → mammals → reptiles → jawless fish → amphibians
jawless fish → lobe-finned fish → amphibians → reptiles → mammals
mammals → lobe-finned fish → reptiles → jawless fish → amphibians

Which of these is NOT a true statement?
You Answered
Echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes.
Sea squirts are invertebrate chordates.
All chordates are vertebrates.
Tunicates and lancelets are invertebrate chordates.
All vertebrates are chordates.

Mammals are different from birds in all these characteristics EXCEPT
having hair.
having young born alive.
maintaining a constant body temperature.
having mammary glands.

Cubozoans are ___.
polyps
medusoids
polymorphs
sponges

Which of these characteristics was developed by reptiles?
amniotic egg
scales on skin
animals with lungs
skull and vertebral column
four-legged body

Members of the Chondrichthyes, but not members of the Osteichthyes, have ___.
jaws
a bony skeleton
a cartilaginous skeleton
two sets of paired fins

Which types of embryos have amniotic membranes?
frog
shark
fish
salamander
mammals

Sudoriferous glands produce ___.
sweat
lipids
sebum
milk

Which statement is NOT true about invertebrate animals?
Many invertebrate species live in a marine environment.
All major invertebrate groups arose from protistan ancestors.
Invertebrates lack a nervous system.
The vast majority of animal species are invertebrates.
Most animal phyla are invertebrates.

In flame cells
slow fires actually burn food for energy.
light is detected.
ciliated sperm are stored.
cilia drive fluids through tubules for excretion of excess water.
undigested food is expelled.

A recent study of the marine hawksbill turtle's stomach contents revealed that sponges constitute a major portion of their diet. Sponge beds are generally protected from predators by the sponge's calcium and silica crystals, but these were found in quantity in the turtles' digestive systems. These structures that protect the sponges from most predators, but not turtles, are
the osculum.
choanocytes.
spongin.
amoebocytes.
spicules.

The segments of a tapeworm consisting primarily of eggs, which hang in bags as a long chain behind the head, are called
cercariae.
glycocalyxes.
scolexes.
proglottids.
sporocysts.

A sea star's nervous system includes
a central nerve ring that gives off radial nerves in each arm.
a complex of nerve ganglia in each ray.
a central nervous system, including a brain.
a dorsal hollow nerve cord.
no actual nerve cells.

Sea stars reproduce
by sexual processes only.
asexually by fragmentation.
by sexual means and also by asexual fragmentation.
by budding.
by asexual processes alone.

The major insect body parts are
head, cephalothorax, and abdomen.
head, cephalothorax, and genitalia.
head, pyothorax, and metathorax.
head, thorax, and abdomen.
cephalothorax, midsection, and abdomen.

An insect circulatory system is best described as
similar to ours, with general closed vessels but no distinct arteries and veins.
totally closed like ours, with arteries and veins.
totally absent; each body cell manages on its own to gain food and gets rid of wastes.
containing five pairs of "hearts."
an open system that mostly washes hemolymph "blood" through the hemocoel.

Which of the following is not a feature common to most animals?
development into a fixed body plan
asexual reproduction
specialized tissues
heterotrophic nutrient sourcing

The large central opening in the sponge body is called the ___.
gemmule
picule
ostia
osculum

When researchers videotaped the body of a dead whale on the bottom of the ocean, it was rippling with the activity of many scavengers inside the carcass. These scavengers would have been
coelacanths.
hagfish.
ray-finned fishes.
lampreys.
skates.

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a shark?
a sucker used to attach to prey
ability to sense pressure of other swimming objects
ability to detect blood in minute amounts
ability to sense electric currents in the water
skeleton of cartilage