animal bio exam 4

The ______ is the coelom compartment modified for hydraulic movement

The _____ are claws on outer surface for cleaning and defense

Echinoderms endoskeleton is comprised of calcareous plates called ossicles. _____ connects ossicles.

The ______ in class holothuroidea is defined as branching tubes connected to the digestive system used to exchange gases

are echinoderms osmoregulators or osmoconformers

The ____ is a region of the pharynx that secretes mucus. It eventually becomes the thyroid in humans.

Which subphylum's body is encased by a protective tunic comprised of cellulose?

which subphylum use pharyngal slits to filter feed?

The cephalochordate characteristics foreshadow vertebrate structure, they have a ____ which is part of their digestive tract with liver-and pancreas-like functions

Jaws are an early vertebrate innovation, what are the three bullet points that pose as evidence for the homology of jaws and gill arches?

what invertebrate craniate class have no stomach?

What class of jawless vertebrate has a spiral valve in it's intestine to increase surface area for absorption?

In Class Chondrichthyes, their blood is isosmotic to seawater, they use a unique ______ to excrete excess NaCl.
They do or dont have a swim bladder?

In regards to O2 filling the swim bladder, blood entering through the ____ flows through a countercurrent exchanger.

In regards to O2 filling the swim bladder, the change in pH is mediated by a gradient of CO2 from veins to arteries due to the ______ flow pattern

In Order Anura's skin, what do each of these give rise to?
Mucous glands -> _____
Serous glands -> ______
Chromatophores -> ______

Non avian reptiles have keratinized skin composed of which type of keratin?

what type of keratin do mammals use?

what type of skulls do birds and crocodilians have?

Salamanders in the Family Plethodontidae lack lungs, what traits allow them to obtain sufficient O2?

_____- fluid filled cushion, watery pocket for embryo

_____- stores nitrogenous waste, gas exchange

____- nutrient storage

_____- gas exchange

Bird lungs are rigid and do not expand/contract. Air is drown into and expelled via elastic ____.

Do air sacs perform gas exchange?

In birds, the ____ are fused clavicles that store energy during wing beats where the ____ is the origin of flight muscles (lots of area for muscle attachment)

Mammalian noses use ____ bones.

_____- secrete watery sweat for evaporative cooling

______- secrete milky fluid, embedded deep in dermis; open into har follicles

____- associated with hair follicles, release sebum

What are the 5 characteristics of chordates?

what is one of the first structures to develop in early embryos?

what is the notochord composed of?

how does the hollow nerve cord develop?

what does the endostyle concentrate and secrete

____ - catches food with a mucus net in Subphylum Urochordata

which chordate subphylum has a circulatory system similar to fishes?

what is the circulatory pathway in cephalochordata?

what does craniata use for excretion? What type of filtration?

___ - develops protective cranium, glands, schwann cells

which classes are agnathans?

which class of fish has partial notochord in adults?

How does O2 fill the swim bladder?

how many chambers in a frog heart, how many atria, how many ventricles

which pharyngeal arch becomes pulmonary artery

what do non-avian reptiles excrete?

how are birds gravity distributed

how does spine stiffen during flight

what depresses and elevates wing

benefit of enlarged cerebellum and limb positions

dentary (blank) in size over time for mammals

what bones are repurposed in jaw to become the middle ear?

what becomes produced as mammals become reproductively mature and ecpand during pregnancy?

which sublclass lacks nipples?

which subclass has babies hatch in uterus and develop in maternal pouch (same as placental)

which has a longer gestation time, marsupials or placentals

which has a longer lactation time, marsupials or mammals