1Young French aristocrat who joined Washington's staff in 1777 and later helped France enter the war on the US side:
Marquis de Lafayette
2Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"The most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property. Those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society . . . [it] may be concluded that a pure democracy, by which I mean a society consisting of a small number of , who assemble and administer the government in person, can admit of no cure to the mischiefs of majority faction."
Madison's Federalist #10
3The initial fighting in the war occurred in New England; most engagements in the two years after the Declaration of Independence took place in _________; and the conflict in the later war years raged across _______.
the middle states (New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania); the Carolinas and Virginia
4During the Revolutionary War about _____ of the American population remained loyalist.
20%
5America's first governing document (1781-1788) was called the
Articles of Confederation
6Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
“Be it enacted by the General Assembly, That no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burdened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief; but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinion in matters of religion, and that the same shall in no wise diminish enlarge, or affect their civil capacities.”
Jefferson’s Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom
7In the battle over ratification of the Constitution of 1787, the Anti-federalists were led by:
Thomas Jefferson
8The delegates to the Constitutional Convention, though from twelve different states, had two important things in common. These were that
they were all men of considerable political experience, and they all recognized the need for a stronger national union.
9During the American revolutionary war, most Indian nations sided with the:
British
10Why was France willing to join the American fight against Britain once the Continental Army had proven itself at Saratoga?
The French had been waiting for the opportunity to even the score with the British Empire after their defeat in the Seven Years' War.
11Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"Extend the sphere [of the republic] and you take in a greater variety of parties and interests; you make it less probable that a majority of the whole will have common motive to invade the rights of other citizens."
Madison's Federalist #10
12What was the most important result of the uprising of western Massachusetts debtor farmers led by Daniel Shays in 1786?
It gave crucial momentum to the growing movement to strengthen the national government by calling for a Constitutional Convention in 1787.
13The Federalist Papers presented strong and convincing arguments in favor of
adopting the Constitution of 1787.
14Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United States of America."
Preamble to US Constitution
15The Articles of Confederation provided for a government by creating what type of legislature?
a national one-house legislature.
16During the spring of 1778 at Valley Forge, what sort of discipline did the Continental Army learn from Baron von Steuben?
Prussian (German)
17Which of the following is the best statement of why the British signed the peace treaty granting American independence?
The timing of the occasional American victories led to a global situation in which the British needed to salvage the rest of their empire by cutting their American losses.
18In American society after the Revolution, people believed more and more in _______, while in reality many parts of society were becoming _______.
equality; unequal
19How did James Madison imagine that a federal republic with a strong central government might work, especially one that governed such a vast land area as that of the United States?
He believed that various interests and factions would cancel each other out in a large republic, and that virtuous national leaders would govern on behalf of all the people.
20What is the best description of the United States of America under the Articles of Confederation?
thirteen independent state republics loosely joined together under a virtually powerless representative body
21The relationship that the Constitution established between national and state governments is known as:
federalism
22During the first year of the Revolution, American war aims shifted from a desire for redress of grievances to a demand for complete independence. Which of the following influenced this shift?
the impact of Tom Paine's Common Sense
23The constitutions written by the states provided several important precedents for the later federal system created by the Constitution of 1787. One of the most important was the principle of
creating a written document as supreme law.
24Which of the following men was the most influential Founding Father at the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention of 1787, the principal author of the new Constitution?
James Madison
25The Constitution of 1787 set up a three branches of government, the judicial, the legislative, and the ______ branch.
executive
26Hamilton's economic policy included what?
encouraging commerce and manufacturing.
establishing the nation's credit by paying off the federal revolutionary debt in full.
linking the interests of the wealthy with those of the new government.
27Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"The Constitution vests the whole judicial power of the United States in one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts as Congress shall, form time to time, ordain and establish . . ."
John Marshall, Marbury v. Madison (1803)
28Which of the following statements about Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa is false?
Both preached messages of intertribal unity that gained large numbers of followers, particularly
in the Northwest.
Both called for a rejection of white customs and white tools, except for guns for self-defense.
Both brothers' movements developed at a time when Indian society was in a state of tumult and
religious upheaval.
Both led the Miami Confederacy, which defeated two American expeditions in the 1790s, before being
defeated by Anthony Wayne.
Both led the Miami Confederacy, which defeated two American expeditions in the 1790s, before being
defeated by Anthony Wayne.
29The War of 1812 did what for Andrew Jackson?
Made Andrew Jackson an overnight hero
30Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence the jealousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake. . since history and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of republican government. The great rule for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible."
Washington’s Farewell Address
31Identify the author or document of the following primary source quotes:
"It is true that I am a Shawnee. My forefathers were warriors. Their son is a warrior. . . . The white people have no right to take the land from the Indians, because they had it first; it is theirs."
Tecumseh
32In the case of Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court under John Marshall affirmed its power to review the
constitutionality of federal laws.
True or False?
True
33What mission did President Thomas Jefferson entrust to Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in 1804?
a mission to make detailed observations of nature and investigate an overland route to the Pacific Ocean
34the Missouri Compromise
admitted Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state,
was brokered in 1820-21,
prohibited slavery north of 36, 30
35Where was support for the federalist party strongest?
New England
36What divided Americans late in the eighteenth century?
whether to support France or Great Britain in their conflict
37For Thomas Jefferson, the most vigilant and virtuous people in America were
small yeoman farmers
38The individual most responsible for creating the notion of "judicial review" was
John Marshall
39All the following factors contributed to the declaration of war in 1812 except the
British practice of impressing seamen from American ships.
bellicose rhetoric of the Federalist party, which demanded the conquest of Canada and Florida.
belief that the British played an instrumental role in riling up Indians to attack Americans.
success of French diplomatic efforts to direct American ire against Britain.
bellicose rhetoric of the Federalist party, which demanded the conquest of Canada and Florida.
40The War of 1812 ended with
the failure to resolve issues of impressment, neutrality rights, and trade.
41The Monroe Doctrine
warned Europe to not interfere in the Americas
42The Sedition Act
was designed to only be in effect with the threat of war looming
forbade any individual to oppose any law of the United States
made it illegal to speak, write, or print any statement opposing the president
43What did Thomas Jefferson like to call his election to the presidency in 1800?
"the Revolution of 1800"
44Francis Scott Key's "Star-Spangled Banner" was inspired by
Britain's failed attack on Fort McHenry, Baltimore
45Why did Napoleon Bonaparte sell the Louisiana Territory in April 1803?
He needed money for the war in Europe.
46What is an important legacy of the Marshall court?
the establishment of the doctrine of judicial review
47Compared to Republicans, Federalists were more
supportive of the growth of commerce and industry.
48The Treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812:
declared the restoration of the status quo ante bellum
49The Louisiana Purchase
doubled the size of the U.S.
50Identify the author or document of the following primary source quote:
"We should consider any attempt on the part of [the European empires] to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and security."
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
51What were examples of social equality in U.S. society
chewing tobacco and spitting out the juice in public settings.
the freedom to strike up a conversation with anyone, including strangers.
the availability of only one class of seats in railroad cars and stagecoaches.
52Compared to Whigs, Democrats were more likely to
oppose monopolies and special privileges.
53Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting/ On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;/ And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming/ And the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor;/ And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor
Shall be lifted- nevermore!."
Edgar Allen Poe
54John C. Calhoun's theory of nullification addressed the need to protect minority rights in an increasingly democratic political system by arguing that
since the U.S. was a group of sovereign states, individual states had the right to nullify federal laws.
55Author of Moby Dick (1851):
Herman Melville
56At the time of his first inauguration, how many slaves did Andrew Jackson own?
100
57Jackson finally destroyed the national bank by
refusing to continue to deposit federal funds in it, and depositing them in selected state banks instead.
58Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
“Here is what you shall do/ Love the earth and sun and the animals, despise riches, give alms to everyone that asks,
stand up for the stupid and crazy, devote your income and labor to others, hate tyrants, argue not concerning God. . .”
Walt Whitman
59What engineering project was most important in giving New York City a central role in Western trade?
The Erie Canal
60Describe Andrew Jackson
He could be arrogant, stubborn, vindictive, and bullying, but he was a master politician.
61Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practice resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion."
Henry David Thoreau, Walden
62The failures of New Harmony and other socialist communities showed that the U.S. was not conducive to socialist experiments because
land was too cheap and plentiful.
the spirit of individualism was too strong.
wages were too high.
63Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men and women are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. . . . The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her."
Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
64America's first industry involved the mass production of
Textiles
65Despite being associated with the "common man," Andrew Jackson was a planter who owned almost a hundred slaves when he was elected.
True/False?
True
66The winner of the 1824 presidential election failed to win either the majority of the popular vote or the electoral vote.
True/False
True
67By the mid-1800s, all of the following groups had begun to cause political division EXCEPT
transcendentalists.
women's rights advocates.
temperance advocates.
abolitionists.
transcendentalists
68Transcendentalists in antebellum America emphasized
feeling over reason
69Why did Henry David Thoreau live alone in a cabin on the edge of Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts, for sixteen months in 1845?
He wanted to demonstrate the advantages of self-reliance.
70Andrew Jackson was the first president who
was also a popular hero.
71Why was the temperance movement especially popular among women?
Temperance supporters stressed the misery that drunken men inflicted upon their wives and children.
72Founder of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, who claimed to have discovered the Book of Mormon in 1827:
Joseph Smith
73The Seneca Falls Conference of 1848 was organized by who?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
74Author of The Scarlet Letter (1850):
Nathaniel Hawthorne
75Which author celebrated American society in poetry that favored frank imagery and sexual references over formal concerns of meter and rhyme?
Walt Whitman
76Essay 1
Examine the drafting and ratification of the US Constitution of 1787. What were the main issues that James Madison and the other framers debated at the Constitutional Convention? How does Madison’s framework subscribe to the ideals of separation of powers and checks and balances? How were the interests of both large and small states accounted for? To what degree did the new constitution support slavery? What checks did Madison include against pure democracy, against the will of majority factions? Lastly, what were the Bill of Rights, and how did their addition to the constitution garner the support of Anti-Federalists like Thomas Jefferson?
Debates erupted over representation in Congress, over slavery, and over the new executive branch.
Each branch of government has power over another one
Larger states wanted congressional representation based on population, while smaller states wanted equal representation. They met in the middle, congress is bicameral where the senate is equal representation and the House of Representatives is population based
The new constitution counted slaves as 3/5 of a person
The legislative branch, being the strongest, would probably be the most frequently charged with encroachments on the others?????
The Bill of Rights are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution which gives the people basic rights. Jefferson wanted the new Constitution to be accompanied by a written "bill of rights" to guarantee personal liberties.
77Essay 2
What effect did Andrew Jackson and “Jacksonian Democracy” of the 1820s-1830s have on American politics? How did Jackson change the political process for the better, and/or for the worse? What group(s) constituted Jackson’s primary base of support? How democratic was Jacksonian Democracy? What examples of Jackson’s political legacy can we identify in the present contemporary politics of the Trump era?
By denouncing the moneyed aristocracy and proclaiming the common man, they also helped politicize American life, broadening electoral participation to include an overwhelming majority of the electorate
Pros: Any white man could vote not just rich land owners. American democracy flourished as never before.
Cons: Showed a disregard for the constitution and its restraints (bank, expelled cherokee indians). nullification led to congress authorized military force for resolving conflicts
The common American since, they believed his success came from experience and hard work, not wealth and family connections. Especially in the South and West, and they saw him as a man of the people because of his sale made image
Jacksonian Democracy was aimed at trying to be very democratic by creating a party of diverse men and intreests united primarily by a practical vision.
Jackson and Trump are both "for the people" populists, both were the "outsider" candidates, they both made unique uses of media (Jackson did not give any formal speeches and trump had twitter)
78Essay 3
Examine TWO of the following social reform movements of the Mid-19th Century: Temperance Movement; Women’s Rights Movement; Abolitionist Movement. When and where did the movement begin? Who were the leaders of the movement? What were the goals of the movement? What kind of tactics did the leaders and activists utilize? In the final analysis, to what extent was the movement successful in achieving its goals during the 19th century?
Temperence Movement:
Leaders: Lyman Beecher and other clergy
When/Where: 1826 Saratoga, NY
Goals: voluntary absinence from alcohol. after the revolution americans over 15 years old would drink ovre 5 gallons of liquor a year. by 1845 it fell to 2 gallons per year
Tactics: democracy necessitated sober voters, factories needed sober workers, and temperance attracted professionals, and stressed the suffered women and children would recieve from drunken men.
How successful? largely successful
Women's Rights Movement:
Leaders: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott
When/Where: 1848 Seneca Falls convention, NY
Goals: educational and professional opportunities for women, laws giving them control of their property, recognition of legal equality, and repeal laws awarding the father custody of the children in divorce.
Tactics: Declaration of Sentiments, Speeches across the country, protests, letters to congress
How successful? After over seven decades later, women were granted the right to vote due to this movement starting that fire.