Midterm 1

What food, developed by Native Americans, forms the center of the contemporary American diet?

Indigenous Americans suffered demographic losses of genocidal proportions in the 16th and 17th centuries. The number of native peoples dropped from 30-50 million in 1492 to 12 million by 1650. The primary cause for this horrific decline was:

Prior to Columbus, all of the following crops were indigenous to the Americas EXCEPT:
tomatoes
corn
tobacco
wheat

Most modern archeologists would agree that the earliest inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere came from which of the following areas of the world?

Which of the following was the biggest factor in the early and rapid success of the conquistadors against Native Americans?

Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"Espaniola is a marvel; the mountains and hills, and plains, and fields, and the soil, so beautiful and rich for planting and sowing, for breeding cattle of all sorts, for building of towns and villages. There could be no believing, without seeing, such harbors as are here, as well as the many and great rivers, and excellent waters, most of which contain gold. In the trees and fruits and plants, there are great diversities from those of Juana. In this, there are many spiceries, and great mines of gold."

The term mestizo refers to

Columbus succeeded in reaching the Americas because

Both the Mogollon and the Hohokam peoples of the American Southwest tended to build their dwellings near which of the following?

The primary purpose of Columbus' voyage of 1492 was to:

Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"The cacique [Hatuey], who had never heard any of this before, and was told he would go to Inferno where, if he did not adapt the Christian Faith, he would suffer eternal torment, asked the Franciscan friar if Christians all went to Heaven. When told that they did he said he would prefer to go to Hell. Such is the fame and honor that God and our Faith have earned through the Christians who have gone out to the Indies."

The following were part of Columbus's 1492 contract with the Spanish crown EXCEPT:
Columbus would be ennobled and given the title Admiral of the Ocean Sea

Columbus would receive 10% of all revenues garnered in the New World

Columbus would be named Viceroy and governor of all new lands encountered

Columbus would be named Lieutenant Pope and religious leader of all new lands he encountered

Which group was the first to build cities in the New World?

Why were Native Americans spared the effects of most of the world's communicable diseases until contact with the Europeans in 1492?

About 15,000 years ago, which land bridge was used by migrants to cross between Siberia and Alaska?

The cult of the Virgin of Guadalupe in Mexico is an example of religious

The capital of the Mexica, or Aztec, empire was:

The reconquista was the Spanish term for

Spanish monarch who sponsored Columbus's first voyage to the New World:

The staple crop of most precolumbian civilizations was

The local Indians of what is today LA County are the

Changes in European society that caused the expansion of European peoples into the New World after 1450 included

All of following were brought to the New World from Europe EXCEPT:

Pigs
Sugar
Horses
Corn

Largest precolumbian settlement in North America, located on the banks of the Mississippi River, was

Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"we ask and require you that you consider what we have said to you, and that you acknowledge the Church as the Ruler and Superior of the whole world, and the high priest called Pope, and in his name the King and Queen Doña Juana our lords [ . . .] If you do so, you will do well, and we in their name shall receive you in all love and charity . . . if you do not do this, I certify to you that, with the help of God, we shall powerfully enter into your country, and shall make war against you in all ways and manners that we can, and shall subject you to the yoke and obedience of the Church and of their Highnesses; we shall take you and your wives and your children, and shall make slaves of them."

The largest receiving area for African slaves in the New World was

About _____ of enslaved Africans died during the "middle passage."

After 1680, Chesapeake planters began to rely more heavily on black slave labor than on indentured white servants because

While the rising demand for slaves in the Chesapeake played some role in the growth of the Atlantic slave trade between the mid-1500s and the late 1800s, it was the spread of plantation economies in other places that spurred and sustained the traffic in human beings. Which were these other places?

Bartolomé de las Casas believed that:

Indians were the rightful owners of New World lands

African slavery was permissible by God

Indian slavery should be abolished

During the Atlantic slave trade era (1500-1850), roughly _____ Africans were enslaved in Africa.

At its peak in the 18th century, the Atlantic slave trade was dominated by the

The Spanish New Laws of the Indies (1542)

Which of the following best describes the coastal African kingdoms that Portuguese traders encountered in the second half of the fifteenth century?

They were frequently cannibalistic communities that relied heavily on hunting and gathering practices.

They wanted to trade with Europeans while protecting their own internal commercial networks.

They were mostly innocent native tribes that admired European explorers.

They desired European salt.

What transformed the Caribbean almost overnight in the 1640s?

Who brought the first African slaves to Virginia in 1619?

A "diaspora" is a(n):

English settlements in the West Indies had the greatest influence upon the development of the mainland colonies of

One of the differences between South Carolina and the Chesapeake was that

In what time frame was the greatest number of African slaves imported into the Chesapeake and Carolina regions?

The United States abolished slavery in:

Virginia planters began to turn toward the use of African slave labor after this event:

Famous former slave who later became a prominent abolitionist in the 18th century:

The vast majority of African slaves brought to the New World worked where?

Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"Noah became drunk and lay uncovered in his tent. Ham the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father, and told his brothers outside. . . . When Noah awoke from his wine and knew what his youngest son had done to him, he said: 'Cursed be Canaan: a slave of slaves he shall be to his brothers [and their descendants]."

European slave traders usually exchanged _____ for slaves in west Africa:

Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"The first object which saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship, which was then riding in at anchor, and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted in to terror, which I am yet at a loss to describe . . . I was now persuade that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits, and they were going to kill. Their complexions too differing from ours, their long hair, and the language they spoke. . . I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life; so that with loathsomeness of the stench and crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat."

What was the most lucrative New World product by the later 1600s?

The primary objective of mercantilism was to

Why did colonial promoters and planters prefer English servants over African slaves in the first half of the 1600s?

Why has one historian described the pilgrims as the "beneficiaries of catastrophe"?

Which of the following describes an important advantage for New England settlers?

They were skilled warriors.

They mostly arrived in family groups.

They arrived with legions of slaves.

They came with enormous wealth.

The vast majority of immigrants to the Chesapeake in the 1600s came from which of the following parts of English society?

Which three empires claimed parts of North America in the 16th century?

Luther's primary critique of the Church in 1517 was the practice of

Which of the following was NOT included in Penn's vision for his colony?

The English mainland colonies of North America received most of their slaves directly from

Why did Opechancanough, the new leader of the Indian Confederacy in the Chesapeake, coordinate an attack on Virginia's white settlements in 1622?

First three women accused of being witches in Salem in 1692:

Turned Virginia into a viable economic asset by successfully cultivating tobacco in the 1610s:

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

founding of Jamestown; Mayflower Compact; trial of Anne Hutchinson

English defeat of Spanish Armada; Mayflower Compact; founding of Jamestown

Henry VIII's break with Catholic Church; trial of Anne Hutchinson; founding of Jamestown

English defeat of Spanish Armada; Mayflower Compact; founding of Jamestown

Identify the author of the following primary source quote:
"4. For having protected, favored, and emboldened the Indians against his Majesty's loyal subjects, never contriving, requiring, or appointing any due or proper means of satisfaction for their many invasions, robberies, and murders committed upon us. . . Of this and the aforesaid articles we accuse Sir William Berkeley as guilty of each and every one of the same, and as one who has traitorously attempted, violated, and injured his Majesty's interest here by a loss of a great part of this his colony and many of his faithful loyal subjects."

This chapter tells the story of the Powhatan confederacy to make the point that

Why did Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island, denounce the charter of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

"We shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people are upon us."

Identify the author or source of the following primary source quote by placing the letter of the author or text next to the corresponding excerpt.
" In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&."

Of the following, which is the most likely reason that Maryland granted religious toleration?

Its merchant founders needed a gimmick to lure settlers away from Virginia.

Its Puritan founders wished to break the power of the Anglican state church.

Its idealistic founders sought a virtuous and egalitarian utopia for the worthy poor of all faiths.

Its Catholic founders wished to provide a haven for Catholics.

Protestant theologian who formulated the doctrine of predestination:

Which of the following best characterizes the Wampanoag Indian called Squanto?

He was the proud chief Massasoit.

He betrayed his own tribe in order to become a pilgrim.

He became an important mediator between his tribe's leader, Massasoit, and the English.

He had tried in vain to encourage the pilgrims to leave again.

The Puritans migrated to North America mainly in search of

The primary objective of mercantilism was to

How did Chesapeake planters feel about the Navigation Acts?

The Puritan belief that God was in control of history fueled a zeal to improve society. This belief is known as

What was the most lucrative New World product by the later 1600s?

Prior to Bacon's Rebellion, the labor force on Virginia's tobacco plantations was made up largely of?

What was one British perception of the colonies immediately after the war?

Lord Dunmore's Proclamation (1775)

What means did the delegates choose for resisting the Coercive Acts?

Whose defeat at the makeshift defensive structure known as Fort Necessity began the Seven Years' War?

Identify the author or document of the following primary source quote:
"The war is inevitable—and let it come! . . . Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? If life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it Almighty God—I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!"

Why do you think Thomas Paine's Common Sense was important to the independence movement?

Where did the first shots of the American Revolution take place in April 1775?

Why was the Declaration of Rights and Grievances issued by the First Continental Congress in 1774 so important?

The Seven Years' War pitted Britain against France in a struggle to control what region of North America?

From the colonials' point of view, what was the fundamental problem with British taxes?

How did colonial American society differ most from English society?

The First Continental Congress, in late 1774,

denied that Parliament or George III had any authority in America, and urged colonial legislatures to seize power from crown officials.

denied that Parliament had any authority at all in America, but took a collective oath of allegiance reaffirming loyalty to George III.

renounced American allegiance to George III, and established a Continental Army.

denied Parliament's right to tax and legislate for the colonies (while acknowledging its authority to regulate their trade), and set up a trade boycott.

After the Boston Tea Party, in 1774 Parliament sought to reassert its authority through the passage of the

Why was the duty on tea maintained after the other Townshend duties had been repealed?

The largest social class in England was the

In 1775, British governor of Virginia who promised freedom to slaves who supported British rule

Principal author of the Declaration of Independence:

Which beliefs did the Enlightenment give rise to in the colonies?

In which colony did royal authority begin to fall apart first, prompting the British government to institute martial law in 1774?

Identify the author or document of the following primary source quote:
"I long to hear that you have declared an independency—and by the way in the New Code or Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more generous and favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all men would be tyrants if they could."

Identify the author or document of the following primary source quote:
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That when ever any Form of Government becomes destructive to these ends it is the right of the People to alter or abolish it, and institute new government. . . "

Colonial merchants such as John Hancock particularly objected to the

The Treaty of Paris (1763) gave Britain title to all French claims

Author of the 1776 pamphlet Common Sense, which inspired thousands of colonists to join the Revolution

In resisting the Stamp Act, Americans affirmed their