Chemistry 1110 Test 1

everything made up of mass is made up of atoms

science that seeks to understand properties of matter by studying structure of particles that compose matter

occupies space, has mass (1 - composed of particles, 2 - Structure determines properties)

Symbolic, Macroscopic, submicroscopic

Solid

gas

Liquid

H2, O2, P4, S8, H2O, CO2, CH12O6

liquid to gas

gas to liquid

solid to gas

gas to solid

solid to liquid

liquid to solid

change to molecular structure

The same regardless of amount - boiling point, luster, color, temperature, hardness, density

Depend on amount of matter - volume, weight, mass, length, size

Specific Hazard Health Hazard Fire Hazard Reactivity

# assigned to measurement and a unit

10^-12

10^-9

10^-6

10^-3

10^-2

meter, kilogram, second, Kelvin, mole, Ampere, Candela

10^3

10^6

= C + 273.15

= 9/5C +32

= 5/9 (F-32)

How close you are to actual #

Standard deviation, how close your #s/measurements are to each other

smallest property of matter that still retains the properties of matter

Claimed everything was made up of 5 elements

Came up with Law of Conservation of Mass, Definite Proportions, Multiple Proportions

Matter can't be created or destroyed

Any chemical compound always contains the same ratio of its components

Elements always combine in whole numbers to make compounds

1 - Each element is composed of atoms, 2 - All atoms of the same element are identical, 3 - Atoms can't be created or destroyed 4 - Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements join in simple ratios, 5 - atoms of one element can't switch to atoms of another element

First to define electron

Used to find electron

Did the oil drop experiment to discover mass and charge of electron

used alpha particles to find protons

Suggested by Rutherford, said protons and other atomic particles are evenly distributed throughout atom

Proposed the neutron

Z = Number of protons/atomic number, A = protons + neutrons, mass #, X = element symbol

Elements with different # of protons

atoms that hvae an uneven number of electrons

Positively charged, add "ion" to name

negatively charged, add "-ide" to name

Adding an electron makes an atom...

Hydrogen H Helium He Lithium Li SodiumNa Magnesium Mg Aluminum Al Boron B Carbon C Nitrogen Oxygen O Fluorine F Neon Ne Silicon Si Phosphorus P Sulfur S Chlorine Cl Argon Ar Potassium K Calcium Ca Scandium Sc Titanium Ti Vanadium V Chromium Cr Manganese Mn Iron Fe Cobalt Co Nickel Ni Copper Cu Zinc Zn

Shows mass to charge ratio

Simple ratio

Shows # of each atom in compound

Shows how atoms in compound are arranged

Chemical with same molecular formula as another but a different structure

= m/v

amount of substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in 12g of C-12

g/mol

6.022 x 10^23