Biology Test 2

Component of cell wall in bacteria; made of sugar and protein

aka endotoxin in gram - bacteria, made up of LPS that causes septic shock

Gram - is more virulent because most medicines target the peptidoglycan layer

Gram +, colitis

formed by gram+ and peptidoglycan

convergent evolution, different common ancestors but similar traits

similar traits because of similar ancestor

Protein that tells cells where to divide during binary fission

asexual reproduction

Transformation, transduction, conjugation

Sexual reproduction where cell picks up leftover piece of DNA

sexual reproduction where bacteriophage (virus) uses host DNA to reproduce

sexual reproduction where pilli donate plasmids

Modifying drug, degrading drug, efflux pump, biofilm

method used to organize bacteria

Alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon

Symbiotic with their hosts

Alpha proteobacteria, nitrogen fixation

Alpha proteobacteria, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, intracellular parasite

bacteria with a broad range of metabolic strategies

beta proteobacteria, help with nitrification

Largest proteobacteria

sulfur bacteria, gamma proteobacteria, "pearls", able to be seen with bare eye

Eat other bacteria, predatorial proteobacteria

slime-secreting delta proteobacteria, produces enzyme to hellp them digest food

Delta proteobacteria that get into other bacteria and use its DNA to replicate itself

Symbionts and pathogens in digestive tract

epsilon proteobacteria, causes stomach ulcers; if introduced early on, can reduce chances of asthma and allergies; one of first bacterias shown to survive the inside of the human body

pathogenic bacteria that cause blindness

human std in Chlamydiae group, causes blindness and urethesis

std in Chlamydiae group that usually affects koalas, causes blindness, can be fatal

Bacteria groBup with spiral shame, internal flagella, double membrane, free-living or parasitic

Type of spirochaetes bacteria that causes syphilis

Type of Spirochaetes bacteria that causes lyme disease

Legionella, Salmonella, E. Coli. Vibriocholorae, Thiomargarita namibiensis, Yersinia

Group of bacteria that has photoautotrophs

type of cyanobacteria that likely evolved into chloroplasts in other organisms

2.4 billion years ago, introduction of cyanobacteria which produced O2

Group of bacteria with a thick peptidoglycan wall, includes several well-known pathogens

type of gram+ bacteria, smallest known

type of gram+ bacteria that causes anthrax, rod-shaped

type of gram+ bacteria, causes botulism

Spherical gram+ bacteria that causes MRSA

Spherical gram+ bacteria that causes strep throat

Type of gram+ bacteria that produces antibiotics

Process in which DNA is converted into mRNA, occurs within the nucleus

Process in which mRNA is paired with the appropriate tRNA in order to make amino acids, occurs in ribosome

Membrane pathway, covered with ribosomes

A part of the cell that acts like an envelope moved around in the mail

a part of the cell that serves as the site for protein folding/maturing

a part of the cell that serves as a storage space for protein

a part of the cell that serves as a recycling bin or trash can

recombination of chromosomes, creates 2 haploid cells

Reuniting of haploid cells into diploid cells

red and green algae (archaeplastida and plantae)

formed excavata, chromalveolata, and rhizaria

shared derived character

temporary host

host where sexual reproduction occurs

Dinoflagellates, golden algae, diatoms, cyanobacteria

Eukaryotes with a digging groove

Anaerobic eukaryotes in excavata with no plastids

Beaver fever, water parasite; type of excavata

vaginal infection, type of excavata

Type of excavata that can be hetero, photoauto, or mixotrophic; has a spiral rod of unknown function inside flagella

Type of excavata that evades detection by b-cells via antigenic variation

process by which Trypanosoma brucei avoids detection by the immune system by changing its protein surface structure

Group of Eukarya that is possibly monophyletic; considered to be the secondary endosymbiosis of red algae

Group of Chromoalveolata with alveoli sacs

Eukaryotes inside the Alveolates group of Chromoalveolata; Name refers to "fire" of red tide that they produce; no histone, unique cytoskeleton

Glowing dinoflagellates that are usually harmless

Dinoflagellates that produce a neurotoxin called brevotoxin

Parasite Alveolates in Chromoalveolata

Type of Apicomplexan, causes malaria

Type of Apicomplexan, exhibits mind control over rats

Type of Alveolate in Chromoalveolata; has lots of cilia; can be found in any waters around Earth or soils

Type of Chromoalveolata with pairs of hairy and smooth flagella; grouping is based on molecular similarities

Type of Stramenopile/Chromoalveolata; have a hard test made of silica; form diatomaceous earth; ubiquitous

Type of Stramenopiles; have carotinoids for photosynthesis; work with dinoflagellates to contribute to Harmful Algae Bloom

Largest/most complex type of Stramenopile/Chromoalveolate; serve as foundation organism for marine habitats

Type of Stramenopile; contribute to ich on fish and mildew on corn

Supergroup within Eukarya; includes heterotrophic/mixotrophic organisms with pseudopodia

Planktonic or benthic Rhizaria; use pseudopodia through CaCO3 tests to make friends with Diatoms

Predatorial Rhizaria with a silica test; planktonic; use pseudopodia solely for feeding