Biology Chapter 5 Key Terms

method of transporting material that requires energy

channel protein that allows water through the membrane at a very high rate

membrane protein that moves a substance across the plasma membrane by changing its own shape

membrane protein that allows a substance to pass through its hollow core across the plasma membrane

passive transport process of low-molecular weight material according to its concentration gradient

type of active transport that moves substances, including fluids and particles, into a cell

process of passing bulk material out of a cell

process by which material moves down a concentration gradient (from high to low concentration) using integral membrane proteins

describes the plasma membrane's structure as a mosaic of components including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, glycoproteins, and glycolipids (sugar chains attached to proteins or lipids, respectively), resulting in a fluid character (fluidity)

combination of carbohydrates and lipids

combination of carbohydrates and proteins

situation in which extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving out of the cell

situation in which extracellular fluid has a lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, resulting in water moving into the cell

protein integrated into the membrane structure that interacts extensively with the membrane lipids' hydrocarbon chains and often spans the membrane

situation in which the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the fluid inside the cell, resulting in no net water movement into or out of the cell

transport of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the water's concentration gradient across the membrane that results from the presence of solute that cannot pass through the membrane

substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution

amount of solute in a solution