Biology Chapter 2 Key Terms

molecule that donates hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

attraction between water molecules and other molecules

negative ion that is formed by an atom gaining one or more electrons

the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element

total number of protons in an atom

molecule that donates hydroxide ions or otherwise binds excess hydrogen ions and decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions

occurs because water molecules are attracted to charges on the inner sufaces of narrow tubular structures such as glass tubes, drawing the water molecules to the sides of the tubes

positive ion that is formed by an atom losing one or more electrons

interaction between two or more of the same or different atoms that resutls in the formation of molecules

intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension

type of strong bond formed between two of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between atoms

release of an ion from a molecule such that the original molecule now consists of an ion and the charged remains of the original, such as when water dissociates into H+ and OH-

negatively charged subatomic particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a negative charge of -1 unit

ability of some elemtns to attract electrons (often of hydrogen atoms), acquiring partial negative charges in molecules and creating parttal positive charged on the hydrogen atoms

one of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances; each has unique properties and a specified number of protons

weak bond between slightly postiviely charged hydrogen atoms to slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules

describes ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water

describes uncharged non-polar molcules that do not interact well with polar molecules such as water

atom or chemical group that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electros

chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges (cations and anions)

one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

number total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

anything that has mass and occupies space

uncharged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of one amu

type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between them

core of an atom; contains protons and neutrons

any molecule containing carbon (except carbon dioxide)

organizational chart of elements indicating the atomic number and atomic mass of each element; provides key information about the properties of the elements

scale ranging from zero to 14 that is inversely proportional to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

type of covalent bond that forms as a result of unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in the creation of slightly positive and slightly negative charged regions of the molecule

positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of one amu and a charge of +1

substance capable of dissolving another substance

tension at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating; created by the attractive cohesive forces between the molecules of the liquid