Cardiovascular system

increased venous return --> greater diastolic filling of the heart --> cardiac muscle is streached --> increase force of contraction --> increased ejaction fraction

SAN, Atrial sytole, AVN, Bundle of his< purkunji fibers, ventricular systole

return of blood to the right side of the heart via the vena cava

Force exerted by blood against the blood vessel wall. Bloodflow x Resistance

progressive decrease in stroke volume and arterial blood pressure. with a progressive rise inheart rate. this occurs after 10 minutes of exercise

percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat. Ejaction fraction = Stroke volume/end diastolic volume

Skeletal muscle pump-muscle pressure on veins squeeze blood towards the heart. Respiritory pump - pressure changes compress veins assisting blood flow. Valves prevent the backflow of blood

carry blood to the body from the heart and from the body to the heart. Heart --> arteries --> arterioles --> capillaries -->venules --> veins --> heart

redistribution of cardiac output

made of blood vessels which deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and take waste products away. 2 types of circulation 1.pulminary - deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. 2.systemic oxygenated blood from the heart to the body then back to the heart.

thickening of muscular walls of the heart

when systolic blood pressure increases, venous return increases. and opposite

when an athlete can meet the oxygen demand with the oxygen supply

the relationship between oxygen and haemoglobin. Bohr shift- when there is an increase in CO2 in the blood and a decrease in PH of the blood = reduction of haemoglobins affinity for oxygen

Heart rate increases, the amount depends on the intensity. higher intensity = higher heart rate until max

systolic, artery pressure when ventricles contract. Diastolic, pressure in the arterys when the ventricles relax

volume of blood pumped out of the heart ventricles per minute. CO = SV x HR

Number of beats per minute. 220 - age = max HR

oxygen combines with haemoglobin forming oxyhaemoglobin. travels to the muscles. oxygen is dissociated to myoglobin at the muscles because myoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen

vasodilation, the widening of blood vessels allowing increased flow of blood to the capillarys. vasoconstriction, narrowing of the blood vessels reducing bloodflow to the capillaries

when coronary arterys (supply heart with oxygenated blood) get blocked or start to narrow by a gradual build up of fatty deposits (atherosclerosis)

stroke volume increases only up to 40 - 60%. stroke volume then plateus because ventricles dont have time to fill so pump less blood out

during exercise, cardiac output increases because heart rate and stroke volume increases until max intensity is reached, then it plateus

Heart relaxes to fill with blood

Volume of blood returning to the heart via the veins

Volume of blood pumped out the ventricle per contraction

chemo, increase in co2 leads to increase HR. Baro, increase BP leads to increase HR. proprio, increased muscle movement leads to increased HR

Sympathetic causes HR to rise. Parasympathetic causes HR to return to resting level

difference between oxygen content in the arterial blood arriving at the muscle and venous blood leaving

Decrease in Resting HR to bellow 60bpm