mus 150 midterm

wrote lyrics to Finians Rainbow
leftist
wrote "brother can you spare a dime"
wrote "over the rainbow"

song from HMS Pinafore
Gilbert and Sullivan
english sounding
ironic bc not english heritage
handl style
handl was German yet wrote for English royalty

1910s
first great American producer
Chicago World's Fair
started with variety shows
Ziegfeld Follies
Berlin
Williams

famous singer and actress
known for belting
Gershwin
"I Got Rhythm"
Porter
intense vibrato
nasal timbre
"Anything Goes"

vaudeville performer
blackface
"Mammy"
over the top performance
stylized speech
"Swanee"
"Rhapsody in Blue"

actor
civil rights activist
bass concert singer
Show Boat
"Ol" Man River"
music as an instrument of social change

"Merry Widow Waltz" duet
Lehar
The Merry Widow
1905
Hanna and Danilo, Danilo trying to declare his love
3/4 meter indicating waltz, specifically Viennese Waltz suggests love transcends place and ethnicity
falsetto singing
slow and smooth violin instrumentation
operetta

"I am the Captain"
HMS Pinafore
Gilbert and Sullivan
1878
Captain and the Crew
comic opera
call and response
recitative close to speech
syllabic singing
the crew undermines the captain
patter song

syllabic
fast
"Modern Major General"
undermines character
amusing
lyrics often a list
lyrics often a narrative
"I am the Captain"

pioneer black composer
In Dahomey, first all black musical
end 19th century
"Swing Along"
Bert Williams was in In Dahomey
"On Emancipation Day"

song
in Little Johnny Jones by Cohan
beginning of 20th century
quotes "Yankee Doodle", going back to Revolutionary War
quotes Star Spangled Banner
quotes Dixieland

lyrics from "Let's Do It"
list song
by Porter
3 verb forms of same verb (does did do)
1930s

black performer in blackface
vaudeville
Ziegfeld's follies
In Dahomey
played Jim Crow character

drug dealer
Porgy and Bess
Gershwin
sings "It ain't necessarily so"
quotes Jewish prayer
leads Bess astray
flashy jazz style

Berlin
jewish scale
blues element
Double meaning of blue
Tin pan alley
AABA form

8 bar phrases
used in refrains
early 20th century
C is new
open ended songs
Rodgers and Hammerstein
signal old fashioned
"Embraceable You"

Lady in the Dark
Kurt Weill
haunts Liza
simple form AABA
lullaby
Charlie knows it
leitmotif

Carousel
Oklahoma
Agnes De Milles, choreographer
inspired by Freudian psychology
Lady in the Dark
rodgers and hammerstein

syncopated
beginning 20th century
Joplin
Berlin
"Alexander's Ragtime Band"
8 bar phrases
right hand syncopated over left hand
"Simple Melody" references ragtime

32 bar pop song form
each section 8 bars
"Oh What a Beautiful Morning"
"Blue Skies"
"I've Got Rhythm"
"This Nearly Was Mine"
refrain/chorus section
tin pan alley period

German director and playwright
worked with Kurt Weill in Germany
alienation effect
words contrast with music
wrote Three Penny Opera
theater was communist
agitprop
influenced Blitzstein

New Deal program to fund entertainment
great depression era 1930s
agitprop
"Cradle Will Rock"
Blitzstein
pro union shows
anti-capitalist shows

German
comic duo
vaudeville
Jewish shtick
beginning of 20th century

Kiss me Kate
1948
Porter
bowery waltz
quick 3/4 time
drunken dance
juxtaposes shakespeare with low style waltz

Oklahoma
Carousel
South Pacific
The King and I
Flower Drum Song
Sound of Music

song from lady in the dark
gershwin
weill
song in circus dream scene
references three penny opera
pirate jenny
lets out sexual side
stripper rhythm

"Bali Hai"
South Pacific
Rodgers and Hammerstein
1949
sung by Bloody Mary
mystical island
orientalism
exoticism

"Twin Soliloquies"
South Pacific
Rodgers and Hammerstein
1949
Emile sings it
about true love
romantic violin
round syllables
almost opera
based around 'see', 'hear', and 'fly'

"You've Got to Be Taught"
South Pacific
Rodgers and Hammerstein
1949
sung by Lieutenant Cable
about racism being taught to people
repetition
kept even under scrutiny
'taught' 'hate' 'fear' sustained

"Getting to Know You"
The King and I
Rodgers and Hammerstein
1951
sung by Anna british teacher
peppy beat
microscopic variation
melodic hook/lick/motive
talks about interpersonal relations
implies similar meanings for international relations
'if we can dance together, it will all work out'

The King and I
Rodgers and Hammerstein
1951
dissonance
exoticism
retelling of Uncle Tom's Cabin
ballet
asian inspired dance
western percussion music (not Thai)

"Modern Major General"
pattersong
makes fun of character
Gilbert and Sullivan
staccato
quick
accentuated
1879

diegetic means music sung by characters heard by characters
diegetic music actively advances plot,
impacts characterization
ex. Girl Crazy "Embraceable You"
nondiegetic is background music
ex. Uncle Tom's Cabin melodrama

class divisions
Forrest vs Macready
Both played Macbeth
1849
First time American militia fired on American citizens outside of war

exaggerated drama
spoken dialogue
accompanying orchestra
late 19th century
"Uncle Tom's Cabin"
"Show Boat"
"The Black Crook"

composer
The Merry Widow
1905
viennese waltz
parisien can can music
pontevedra/eastern european music
Victor Herbert

operetta composer
"Naughty Marietta"
1910
tin pan alley
"Ah! Sweet Mystery of Life"
"The Fall of Nation"
"Babes in Toyland"
Lehar

Victor Herbert
Rida Johnson Young
Naughty Marietta
1910
feeling joy or delight
sentimental
Jeanette MacDonald
Nelson Eddy
Lehar

actors
Naughty Marietta
1910
Victor Herbert
Lehar

song by howard
choraleligious/spiritualospel
Lyrical parallel 'heaven' 'glory' 'faithful' 'resurrection... died to save'
3/4 meter
swaying
Sung by slaves
Uncle toms cabin held as a great liberal book, except denounced for uncle tom who praised his slaveowners

"the father of American music"
American songwriter
parlor songs
minstrel songs
"Old Folks at Home"
"Oh! Susanna"
19th century

took Foster songs on tour
blackface minstrel group
"Old Folks at Home"
"Oh! Susanna"
19th century

late 19th century
stereotypically black dance
minstrelsy
syncopated music
Christy's Minstrels
Clorindy, Or the Origin of the Cakewalk

first all black musical on broadway
Will Marion Cook
Bert Williams
"Swing Along"
"On Emancipation Day"
1903

lyrics from On Emancipation Day
1902
In Dahomey
Will Marion Cook
means white people want to imitate black culture
blackface as symbol of power but also jealousy

melodrama
1866
took 19th century international music
french can can
british music hall
"You Naughty, Naughty Men"

vaudeville
comedy performers
19th century
Jewish, portrayed German immigrants
stereotypical attempt to fit into American society

vaudeville
mega theater in NY
classical music
ballet
minstrel acts
Rodgers and Hart

references ragtime
women's part simple, older
Berlin
male rag version on top
counterpoint

song from Show Boat
1927
Gaylord makes his move
operetta
only 'make believe' I love you

black woman in Show Boat
hints Julie is not white
stereotypically black dialect
big role 1927
taken away 1951 movie

Composer
Show Boat
1927
influenced Gershwin
primitive stereotypes for Dahomeyans
ragtime
syncopated

32 bar pop song form
each section 8 bars
AABA
Gershwin
Berlin
Cohan
named for music hub in Manhattan
takes blue note and syncopation from jazz
jazz takes chords, harmony from tin pan alley
1885-1930s
"Fascinating Rhythm"

Gershwin song
tin pan alley
ABAB form
1924
Lady Be Good
lyrics: rhythm bad for health
syncopation

19th century
entertainer/dancer
performed with Ginger Rogers
Berlin
Lady Be Good
"Fascinating Rhythm"
"Puttin' on the Ritz"

arranger of music
Berlin
Porter
Gershwin
Kern
Rodgers
Show Boat
Oklahoma
tin pan alley

influenced by Brecht
Threepenny opera
depression era composer
"Cradle Will Rock"
agit prop theater
pro union shows
anti-capitalist shows
manifesto "the new masses"

songs specific to the show
lyrics drive the story
everything serves the plot
songs flow into and from speech
Show Boat
Oklahoma
Kiss Me Kate

wrote lyrics for shows
directed shows
Oklahoma
Carousel
South Pacific
The King and I
Sound of Music
opera part of heritage
repetition in lyrics
outspoken against racism

American dancer and choreographer
narrative dance
dream ballets
Oklahoma
Carousel
integrate dance into plot

recurring song/melodic theme
Lady in the Dark
"My Ship"
Carousel
signals something about characters

exotic: anything that is not part of the viewer's world
Romanticizing other cultures
mysticizing others
sexualizing others
dichotomy between 'normal' and 'exotic'
musical stereotypes
dialect made up
South Pacific
The King and I

South Pacific
Rodgers and Hammerstein
1949
sung by Lieutenant Cable
about racism being taught to people
repetition
kept even under scrutiny
'taught' 'hate' 'fear' sustained

The King and I
Rodgers and Hammerstein
1951
sung by Anna british teacher
peppy beat
microscopic variation
melodic hook/lick/motive
talks about interpersonal relations
implies similar meanings for international relations
'if we can dance together, it will all work out'

"When I Was a Lad"
HMS Pinafore
Gilbert and Sullivan
1878
Sung by Sir Joseph
Call and response
lyrics show he has no experience
patter song makes fun of character

"Blue Skies"
Berlin
1926
clarinet
flute
strings
walking up and down scale
'blue skies' are good (major in verse), but 'blue' is associated with sadness (minor elsewhere)

"Play a Simple Melody"
Berlin
1914
references ragtime
women's part simple, older
male rag version on top
counterpoint

"Yankee Doodle Boy"
Little Johnny Jones
Cohan
beginning of 20th century
quotes "Yankee Doodle", going back to Revolutionary War
quotes Star Spangled Banner
quotes Dixieland
patriotic
trombones

"Can't Help Lovin'"
Show Boat
Kern and Hammerstein
1927
Julie sings it at first, then Queenie joins in
Julie operetta style no syncopation
12 bar blues form
blues scale
blue note
devil's chord implies unsatisfiable love

"Ol' Man River"
Show Boat
Kern and Hammerstein
1927
Sung by Joe (Paul Robeson)
shakiness in voice
vibrato
pentatonic scale melody
banjo
working class theme

"Make Believe"
Show Boat
Kern and Hammerstein
1927
Sung by Magnolia and Gaylord then by Gaylord to daughter Kim
vibrato
operetta
devil's interval on 'believe' foreshadowing problems
sentimental
violin instrumentation

"Embraceable You"
Gershwin
1928
Girl Crazy
ABAC form
adds tension with extra syllables
goes up in pitch, intensifies
blue note at end
Garland sophisticated, elegant

"Summertime"
Porgy and Bess
Gershwin
1935
sung by Clara, sung by Bess
vibrato
clarinet
spiritual
black culture influence

"It Ain't Necessarily So"
Porgy and Bess
Gershwin
1935
sung by Sportin' Life
quotes jewish prayer
skeptic of bible
blues
jazz

"Fascinating Rhythm"
Lady Be Good
1924
Gershwin
lyrics say rhythm bad for health
ABAB form
jazzy rhythm
syncopation
d's and p's accentuate rhythm

"Night and Day"
Gay Divorce
Porter
1932
monotone pitch verse implies obsessed
lyrics repeat, beat beat beat, drip drip drip
Rocking back and forth 'yearning and burning'
sexual desire that can't be satisfied
chromatic descent

"You're the Top"
Porter
Anything Goes
1934
suggestive
sexual
list song
syncopated piano
upbeat
clever word play
tension builds for each musical punchline

"Wunderbar"
Kiss Me Kate
Porter
1948
Fred and Lilli reminisce about a past show
waltz
operetta
juxtaposes blues and opera
fermatas

"Why Can't You Behave"
Kiss Me Kate
Porter
1948
Lois sings
bluesy
syncopation
sexual desire
dissonance

"Too Darn Hot"
Kiss Me Kate
Porter
1948
sung by Lois
sexual desire
jazzy
upbeat
syncopated
powerful brass

"Joe Worker"
Cradle Will Rock
Blitzstein
1937
agitprop
dissonance
aggressive
close to speech recitative
staccato piano instrumentation
vocals forefront

"Cradle Will Rock"
Cradle Will Rock
Blitzstein
1937
agitprop
dissonance
close to speech recitative
staccato piano instrumentation
vocals forefront

"Oh What a Beautiful Morning"
Oklahoma
Rodgers and Hammerstein
1943
Curly sings it
AABA form
repetition
folk song poetry
'beautiful' aligns with major
3/4 meter waltz
romantic

"People Will Say We're in Love"
Oklahoma
Rodgers and Hammerstein
1943
Laurey sings to Curly
cautious about open romance
tender music
flute and violin instrumentation
playful

"Saga of Jenny"
Lady in the Dark
Weill and Gershwin
1941
during circus dream
woman who made up her mind, led to trouble
Blues
Jazz
Lyrics remind you of Mack the Knife
Pirate Jenny similar
dissonant
sexiness
blue notes
syncopation

"My Ship"
Lady in the Dark
Weill and Gershwin
1941
leitmotif haunts Liza
jury mocks Liza
Alliteration, old folk song/lullaby
AABA form
rocking melody up and down A section