List of Figures 2

Hannibal Barkas 247-181 BCE

Roman colony at Cosa (South Etruria) 273 BCE

Prime example of regular lay-out in city planning

Forum of Paestum/Poseidonia (Campania) 273 BCE

Core element of Roman urban fabric

Aqua Anio Vetus 272 BCE

Important part of improved water supply of Rome

Porticus Aemilia (Rome) 193 BCE

Horreum (grain storage)

Porticus Metelli on the Campus Martius (Rome) 146-143 BCE

Quadriporticus type building

Mosaic depicting Roman soldier address Archimedes during the Sack of Syracuse

Originally thought to be from Roman Imperial times, but now generally believed to be an 18th century falsification

Cato the Elder (Marcus Parcius Cato Censorius maior) 234-149 BCE

Wall painting from Tomb of the Fabii in the necropolis of the Esquiline (Rome) early 3rd c. BCE

Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus 163-133 BCE and Gaius Sempronius Gracchus 154-121 BCE

Lucius Cornelius Sulla 138-78 BCE

Opus quasi-reticulatum 125-75 BCE

Temple of Jupiter Anxur (Terracina)

Pons Fabricius (Rome) 62 BCE

Oldest original bridge from Rome

Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia (Praeneste-Palestrina)

3D reconstruction
Founded in 204 BCE - Monumental phase under Sulla in 80 BCE

Theatre of Pompey (Rome) 61-55 BCE

3D reconstruction

Amptitheatre of Pompeii ca. 80 BCE

Stabian baths (Pompeii) 2nd c. BCE

Relief stucco

Alexander Mosaic - House of the Faun (Pompeii) 2nd c. BCE

Opus vermiculatum (tesserae < 5mm)

Second Pompeian style 80-15 BCE

Cubiculum of the 'House of the Mysteries' (Pompeii)

Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus 100 BCE

(Placed in temple of Neptune, Rome)
Combination of Hellenistic and Roman style reliefs

Terra Sigillata cup (Arezzo) late 1st c. BCE

Temple Mars Ultur (20-2 BCE)

Forum of Augustus, Rome

Forum Augusti (Rome) 2 BCE

Relief of Apollo and Hercules competing over the tripod (symbol of Delphi)

Symbol for civil war against Mark Antony
Temple of Apollo Actius (Rome, 28 BCE)

Ara Pacis Augustae 9 CE

Campus Martius, Rome

Temple of Rome and Augustus in Ancyra (modern-day Ankara, Turkey)

Inscription of Res Gestae in Greek and Latin

Battle at Actium 31 BCE

Relief at Temple of Fortuna Primigenia (Praeneste)
Crocodile symbolising Egypt

Tomb of Eurysaces (Rome) 30 BCE

One of the biggest "sub-elite" grave tombs of Rome

House of Neptune and Amphitrite (Heraculaneum) First half of 1st c. CE

Opus Musicum: "wall paintings" in mosaic

Example of developments towards atrium houses with triclinium and nymphaeum

Blacas-cameo ca. 20-50 CE

Idealized portrait of Augustus after his death

Boscoreale Treasure (Pompeii) 1st c. CE

Drinking cup with scene of seated Augustus receiving conquered peoples. Part of Boscoreale Treasure

Portrait of Tiberius - after 4 CE

Grotto dining room of Tiberius, villa at Sperlonga, Italy c. 25 CE

Sperlonga: Sculpture group of Polyphemus, (terminus ante quem c. 25 CE)

Sperlonga: Sculpture group of Scylla, (terminus ante quen c. 25 CE)

Sperlonga: Sculpture group of Palladium, (terminus ante quem c. 25 CE)

Sperlonga: Sculpture group of Pasquino, (a Greek hero supporting the dead body of another Greek hero in the Trojan War) terminus ante quem c. 25

Portrait of Nero 59 CE

Plan of the Domus Transitoria 62 CE

"Dining room" in the Domus Aurea 64 CE

Portrait of Vespasian 70-79 CE

Iudea capta coinage of Vespasian 71 CE

Portraits of the deified Vespasian [left] and Titus [right] c. 95 CE

Amphitheatrum Flavium/Colosseum 72-80 CE

Relief of Spoils (including the menorah) from the Temple in Jerusalem in Triumphal Procession, Arch of Titus, Rome (after 81 CE)

Templum Pacis, Rome (dedicated in 75 CE)

Portrait of Trajan (reg. 98-117 CE)

Plan of the Forum Traiani (dedicated 113 CE)

Column of Trajan [left] and its base [right], Rome (dedicated 113 CE)

Sesterius of Hadrian, reverse: Hadrian restoring Achaia (130s CE)

Pediment [left] and Interior [right] of the Pantheon (after 126 CE)

Mausoleum of Hadrian (dedicated 139 CE)

Plan of the Villa Hadriana, Tivoli (Hadrianic times: 117-138 CE)

Villa Hadriana, Circular Island Suite, Teatro Marittimo (Hadrianic times 117-138 CE)

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius (c. 173-176)

Portrait of Marcus Aurelius as victorious general (170-180 CE)

Bust of Commodus as Hercules (c. 192 CE)

Bust of Septimius Severus (200-210 CE)

Bust of Iulia Domna (c. 200 CE)

Severan Tondo (c. 200 CE) with partraits of the imperial family: Iulia Domna, Septimius Severus, Geta [erase], and Caracalla

Aureus of Semptimius Severus (202 CE)

obverse: Semptimius Severus (r.), reverse: imperial family, Caracalla - Iulia Domna - Geta, legend Felicitas Saeculi

Arch of Septimius Severus in Rome (203 CE)

Leptis Magna, Arch of Septimius Severus (c. 203 CE) and city map

Papyrus P. Giss. 40 - Constitutio Antoniniana (Edict of Antoninus), 11 July 212 CE

-> all free men in the Roman Empire were to be given full Roman citizenship

Aureus of Elagabalus (218/219 CE) mint: Antiochia

obverse: Elagabalus (l.) with laurel wreath
reverse: stone from Emesa in quadriga (r.) with four parasols;
legend: sancto deo soli elagabali (to the sun god of elagabalus)

Bust of Alexander Severus (c. 226-235 CE)

Denarius of Iulia Mamaea (225-235 CE)

Silver drachma of Ardashir I (c. 238-239 CE), mint: Hamadan

Reliefs at Naqsh-e Rostam (overview)

Naqsh-e Rostam: Investiture of Ardashir I relief (c. 226-242 CE)

Ardashir (l.) receives the diadem of sovereignty from Ahura Mazda (r.)

Naqsh-e Rostam: Triumph of Shapur I relief (c. 241-272 CE)

Shapur triumphing over three Roman emperors

Sasanian bridge on the road from Pasargadae to Ktesiphon (Band-e Kaisar, "Caesar's Dam" (c. 260-270 CE)

Bust of Decius (249-251 CE)

Aureus of Tetricus I (272 CE), mint: Cologne or Trier

Antoninianus of Zenobia (272 CE), mint: Antiochia

Palmyra, Temple of Bel (foundation 32 BCE; mostly first century CE)

Binio (Double Aureus) of Aurelianus (271-272 CE), mint: Milan

Rome, Aurelian Walls (271-275 CE)

Aureus of Ulpia Severina (270-275 CE), mint: Rome

Porphyry marble sculpture group of the Four Tetrarchs (c. 300 CE) depicting: Diocletian, Maximian, Galerius, and Constantius I

Decennalia base

Tetrarchic Five - Column monument, celebrating the tenth anniversary of the Caesares (dedicated 303 CE)

Mosaic from House of the Faun, Pompeii ca. 100 BCE

Probably after a painting - shows the Battle of Issus (?)

Ptolemy I 'Soter', Basalt, ca 300 BCE

Ptolemaic kings presented themselves as legitimate successors of Pharaonic Egypt, but also as Greek kings.

Ptolemy I 'Soter', Marble, ca 285 BCE

Ptolemaic kings presented themselves as legitimate successors of Pharaonic Egypt, but also as Greek kings.

Ai Khanoum, Afghanistan (Bactria), Founded in 305-300 BCE

Archelaos Relief, Marble, 225-200 BCE

Apotheosis of Homer made by Aarchelaos of Prine, orobably working in Alexandria (Egypt). Found in Bovilae, Italy.

Hellenistic sculpture:

Herakles Farnese, ca. 310 BCE (original)

Roman copy of a Greek bronze by Lysippos.

Hellenistic sculpture:

Aphrodite of Milos ca. 150 BCE

Marble, from Milos. Inspired by Aphrodite of Knidos by Praxiteles

Nike of Samothrace, ca. 190 BCE, Marble

Laokoon group 1st. c. BCE

Hagesandros, Polydoros & Athenodoros (makers or copyists?)

Slipper-Slapper Group

Delos, ca. 100 BCE, Marble

Drunk old woman, 225-200 CE, Roman copy

Pergamon Altar, Berlin, Pergamon Museum ca 180 BCE

From the Pergamon Akropolis

Pergamon Altar Outside Frieze - Gigantomachy

Pergamon:

Monument of the Dying Gauls ca 230-220 BCE

Akropolis of Pergamon, 3rd-2nd c. BCE

Pergamon Dying Gauls

Dying Gaul, Marble 230-220 BCE

Ludovisi Gaul, 230-220, Roman copy