1 first proposed spherical Earth
Pythagoras
2Earth's true shape
OBLATE SPHEROID
3Anaxagoras supported the spherical earth idea of
Pythagoras
4 observed that the shadow Earth cast on the moon during lunar eclipse was circular
Anaxagoras
5Aristotle's argument supporting a Spherical Earth
a) Position of the North Star b) The shape of the moon and the sun c) Ships disappearing over the horizon
6 measured the Earth's circumference with a stick, a knowledge of the distance from Alexandria to Syene and geometry
Eratosthenes
7The angle of a shadow casted by a stick at noon on the summer solstice in Alexandria
7.2 degrees
8Distance of Alexandria to Syene
500 miles
9Eratosthenes computed the circumference of the Earth to be approximately
40,000 kilometers
10 explained the causes of phases of the moon
Anaxagoras
11 proposed that the Sun was the center of the Universe (Heliocentric)
Aristarchus
12Heliocentric Model planets
Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mercury, Mars, Sun, Jupiter, Uranus, Saturn
13 made a compilation of 850 stars and developed a method for predicting lunar eclipses
Hipparchus
14 proposed the model that says the Sun, moon and other planets move in circular orbits around the Earthgeocentric model (Ptolemic system)
Claudius Ptolemy
15Theory where the Earth is at the center
Geocentric Theory
16Theory where the SUN is at the center
Heliocentric Theory
17Babylonian and Egyptians systematic observation tool for the motion of the sun
gnomon
18Phases of the Moon
new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter, waning crescent
19Moon passes through the Earth's shadow, happens during a Full moon, occurs about twice every one (1) year, lasts for about an hour
Lunar Eclipse
20Sun's light is blocked by the Moon, happens during a New moon, occurs about twice every three (3) years, lasts for a few minutes
Solar Eclipse
21Occur when one space object moves into the shadow of another
Commonality between Lunar and Solar Eclipses
22Daily motion of the sun, moon, stars, and planets that appear to move across the sky
Diurnal Motion
23Apparent yearly movement of stars as observed from Earth as a direct effect of the Earth's revolution around the sun
Annual Motion
24Number of days in a year
365.2422
25Observable phenomena of the rotation of the heavens which spans a period of 25, 920 years
Precession of the Equinoxes
26Planets already discovered before the invention of telescopes
Jupiter, Venus, Mercury, Mars, Saturn
27Danish astronomer and nobleman who made accurate observations of the movement of celestial bodies
Tycho Brahe
28German astronomer, mathematician and astrologer who was Brahe's assistant
Johannes Kepler
29Description of Brahe and Kepler's working relationship
unsteady
30Basis for Kepler to formulate his laws of planetary motion
Brahe's data
31planets follow an oval or an ellipse orbit
1st Law (Law of Ellipses)
322nd Law (Law of Equal Areas)
the imaginary line drawn from the center of the Sun to the center of the planet sweeps out an equal area of space in equal time intervals
33the square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of a planet's average distance from the sun
3rd Law (Law of Harmonies)
34Scientific connection to Kepler's Laws
Universal Gravitation