chaptures 1 and 2

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1
Art generally refers
to music, theater, literature and visual arts (drawing, paintings, sculpitre, film architecture and desing)
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Work of art:
the visual expression of an idea or experience, formed with skill, though the use of a medium
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Medium:
a particular material along with its accompanying technique (media). It is chosen by the artists to enforce the function of the work and can be used with ever traditional or modern materials.
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How is Echelman's use of medium enforcen her Her Secert pice?
the used of flexible netting that responds to the wind allow it to say something about the Phoenix area
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Mixed media:
describes art created with a combination of materials
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Creativity:
the ability to bring forth something new that has value, Relevance or new way of thinking, Not a novelty it must have some relevance or unlock new way of thinking. Potential to influence future through or action
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Five traits that define creativy
Associating: how the audience feels about you, your topic, and the occasion for which you're speaking.
Questioning: how the audience feels about you, your topic, and the occasion for which you're speaking.
Observing: how the audience feels about you, your topic, and the occasion for which you're speaking.
Networking: how the audience feels about you, your topic, and the occasion for which you're speaking.
Experimenting: how the audience feels about you, your topic, and the occasion for which you're speaking.
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Visual creativity
use of imagery to communicate beyond words
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Robin Rhode’s He Got Game visual creativity was done by?
imple means with low-tech chalk drawing of a basketball hoop. The artist imitates slow-motion photography and performs an impossible flip. Creativity is an attitude
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Romare Bearden Prevalence of Ritual: Tidings show creativity
in his depictions of the daily life he witnessed in the rural south, he did this by using borrowed picture fragments with a few muted colors to portray a mood of melancholy and longing.
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Trainings:
done in the past by apprenticeships but today it is done in art schools and/or colleges but is not always necessary
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Folk artists:
naive or outsider artists with little or no formal training
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Folk art:
Folk artists are part of established traditions of style, theme and craftsmanship. Most have little systematic art training
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Examples of folk art
Mary Wallace, Peony: shows influence from pennsylvania German pottery (quilt)

Retablo paintings in Mexico and the American Southwest: a example of folk art where it giving thanks to God and depicts salvation
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Outsider art:
art produced by those with no formal training, outside the established channels of art exhibition
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Art generally refers
to music, theater, literature and visual arts (drawing, paintings, sculpitre, film architecture and desing)
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Art generally refers
to music, theater, literature and visual arts (drawing, paintings, sculpitre, film architecture and desing)
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Representational Art:
depicts the appearance of things, and is figurative art/art that recognizably represents or depicts a particular subject
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Figurative art:
when human form is the primary subject
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Subjects:
objects depicted in representational art
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Art generally refers
to music, theater, literature and visual arts (drawing, paintings, sculpitre, film architecture and desing)
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Art generally refers
to music, theater, literature and visual arts (drawing, paintings, sculpitre, film architecture and desing)
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Art generally refers
to music, theater, literature and visual arts (drawing, paintings, sculpitre, film architecture and desing)
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Art generally refers
to music, theater, literature and visual arts (drawing, paintings, sculpitre, film architecture and desing)
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Art generally refers
to music, theater, literature and visual arts (drawing, paintings, sculpitre, film architecture and desing)
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Nonrepresentational Art:
nonobjective or non figurative art, presents visual forms with no specific references to anything outside themselves.(as in pure sound forms of music). It has a wide variety of forms, compositions, moods and messages possible. It draws and holds our attention despite not representing anything. Many people have a more difficult time to grasp this type of art but it can offer fresh ways of seeing, new visual experiences.
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Examples of Nonrepresetational art
Carmen Herrera’s Yellow and Black: Asymmetrical and sleek, it communicates vigorous energy, agitated state of mind.

Pair of doors: from an Egyptian mosque is a dazzling piece of wood carving that is centered on two twelve-sided stars.
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Looking:
implies taking in what is before using a mechanical or goal-oriented way
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Seeing:
more open, receptive and focused it is ‘looking’ with memories, imagination and feelings attached. It is diffrerent for every preson
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Edward Weston’s Pepper:
Quality of glowing light from a time exposure of over two hours. Seemingly a common object elevated to represent the artist’s achievements, it has a Sense of wonder about the natural world.
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Examples of Everday Desing
Eva Zeisel Sauce boat with ladle: Created in 1950s she brought the ends of the boat together at the top, and put a hole in the ladle that echoes that shape. The tips being untied give it a playful look

George Nakashima conoid chair: it is a radical shape to a chair with natural wood because according to him he can not design a chair that is not plastic or metal so by making it out of wood it allows the tree to live on.
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Content:
the message or meaning of the work of art, it is what expresses or communicates to the viewer.
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Form and content inseparable:
Content determines form and form expresses content.
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Contrasting Rodin’s The Kiss and Brancusi’s Kiss:
Rodin’s work is representative of Western ideals with it being Highly charged moment of lovers embracing. Brancusi’s manipulation of a solid block of stone to represent lasting love, symbolic concept of two becoming one.
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Seeing and responding to Form:
The artist is the sender of the week's message and the viewer must receive and experience the work learning to respond to form. The subject matter can interfere with perception of form (looking a picture upside down)
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Georgia O’Keefe’s Jack-in-the-Pulpit:
Enlarge to 4 feet in height the focusing is only on the flower, the viewer takes time to observe an object that would normally be too small or be passed over.
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Iconography
Subjects, symbols and motifs used in an image to convey it meaning (like the mother and child as mary and baby jesus) but not all works have this. Contemporary artists mash up and quote various traditions in this.
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Art forms as a result of
meeting deep and subtle needs as a society that vary with time and cultural, or the public purposes and not the personal goals of the artists.
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6 functions of art
Daily uses
Visual Delight
Connubucating information
Public and personal expression
Spirtuaility
Politcal
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Everyday desing:
Objects that we use every day can be designed artfully for greater enjoyment.
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Embellishment:
society values artistic embellishment of everyday things like a phone case, this motivates creativity.
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Embelishment examples
clothing uses the deep blue dye of the indigo plant then creates patterns on the cloth which is then.
Frank Lloyd Wright Hollyhock House: with shelter being a basic need but architects and designers can improve our surroundings by making them look distinctive such as this house which had the decoration scheme of hollyhock flowers which is the owner’s favorite follower.
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Idealism
beauty found in something that is ideal or close to perfection this was behind much of the art created by the ancient Greeces
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Charioteer sculpture:
is a example of idealism with it balance and quiet dignity of the figure
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Example of harmony
Claude Lorrain Ascanius Shooting the Stag of Silvia: it is a picturesque piece of art because of the harmonious colors, the balance to the buildings brought by the tree and cliffs and with the light being evenly diffused throughout
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Ways art communicated information
Storytelling: be it historical events, moral or personal stories it helps broaden perspectives and show how others live.

Commentary: artists often speak in a language that is easy to understand through their art
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Commemortail:
many monuments in the ancient world had a commemorative function to the art
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Self-Expression:
This has become the most common function in art.It is when the artist conveys their personality, feelings, and worldview.
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Examples of self-Expression
Frida Kahjo The Broken Column: Kahlo created some of the most self-expressive work of the twentieth century

Wassily Kandinsky, Composition VI: this sought to reach out to the viewers by beginning with his inner feelings

Totem poles of pacific northwest native peoples: this illustrated crests or legends associated with a family’s history
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Spirit
it is to enhance religious contemplation and sometimes this art serves the ritualistic needs of an established faith while others are more personal, inward or spiritual.
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Worship and Ritual:
buildings intended for gathering for services can also be visually striking. While other tradition focus on creativity with their ritual tools.
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Worship and Ritual examples
Sainte-Chapelle in Paris: it resembles a giant jewel-box and was originally built to store precious relics.

Eskimo peoples of the arctic region Moon mask: this was created to tell the story of a mythical sister and brother who became the sun and moon while the sister(the sun) chases her brother(the moon) across the sky carrying a torch.
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Spirituality examples
Shirazeh Houshiary Ancient Light: This work is about presence with it being represented by light
Hancy Holt, Sun Tunnels: Expresses and represents the vastness of the landscape
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polical persuasion
invite and urge us to do or think things we may noth have otherwise
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political persusasion example
Rules of West African region Benin Brass Plaques: these decorate their palaces with one depicting the king as a supernatural strongman. Brass casting was reserved for use by only the royal family and these Plaques located on the exterior of their palace show the passerby the divine powers of the rulers.

United State Supreme Court Building: it uses art to express their authority with its symmetrical, size of the marble building derived from the Roman Republic communicates balance, order, stability and continuity with the past.
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Politcal protest
artists involve themselves in the politics of the day through their creativity
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Examples of politcal protest art
Rodney McMillian Untitled (The Supreme Court Painting): it protest against the court decisions on voting rights and election distracting that he saw as harmful to African Americans. This was done by having the painting done on a canvas in the shape of the facade of the supreme court building and mixing colors then pouring on the cavanus to make it look like fake marable. Along with this the central columns remain blank as if the inscription about equal justice was erased.

Kathe Kollwtiz Art of the Human Concern: She devoted her career to art that took political positions with this being a series of prints encouraging workers and peasants to protest and struggle. This was controversial but this reputation grew among artists with even the Nazis
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