Unit 3

s a 6ft square picture of a lush and green forest that looks like they took it on a morning walk and stumbled upon the glade. The Wilson sisters took careful positioning of the rees in their photograph into account

means light writing it uses in journalism, science, advertising and personal record keeping. It allows for a selection of cameras, lens, and film as well as composition with control light and darkness exposure

or ‘dark room’ it is the forerunner of the modern camera, a dark room (or box) with a small hole in one side, through which an inverted image of the view outside is projected onto the opposite wall, screen, or mirror, and then traced.

In 1926 the first vague photographic image by

a photograph taken by an early photographic process developed in the 1830s, in which a treated metal plate was exposed to light, and the chemical reactions on the plate created the first satisfactory photographic images

they resemble the traditional camera obscura with the lens collecting light and an image sensor collecting the image upside down then converting the light into an electric charge.

3 important adjustments for photos

she was one of the first photographers to be regarded as an artist; she pioneered the use of close-ups and carefully controlled lighting to enhance the images of her subjects, who were often family members or famous friends. In her pice Paul and Virginia posed the children in it off center to create dynamic balance and with her user of close ups and controlled lighting to perfectly dine the children’s body and disheveled clothing by doing this and naming the piece as she did she suggest the atmosphere of the novel that it was base on.

he was an early crusader in the art photography movement, he opened a photography gallery in NYC in 1950 and founded an influential magazine Camera Work which published photography along with essays about modern art and culture. His photographs often showed influence from paintings like Spring Showers, New York.

in his piece Place de I’Europe Behind the Gare St. -Lazare, Paris that shows the drama and parallelism of a man jumping like the dancer in the poster behind him. He tends to try and capture decisive moments in his work.

made innovative ‘rayographs’ made by placing objects on a light-sensitive paper and exposing them to sunlight, though they are not really photographs and use no camera or lens. Along with that sometimes the subject turns unclear using this.

his picture combines billboards and the buildings site near it to have a delightful revelations in how the shadows are

Photographer as witness of each generation with the

he was the early leader of photography for social change like in his pice Five Cents a Spot drawing attention to squalid living conditions which lead to improved housing and work safety conditions. The vividness of the photo was made possible by the recent invention of flash photography

Photograph as a vehicle of truth because according to Margaret Bourke-White

it is a collection of photographs on a single subject arranged to tell a story or convey a mood.

drew attention for the need for conservation of the natural environment in his piece Clearing Winter Storm. Yosemite National Park, California with its grandeur of nature that symbolized the spiritual life transcending into conflicts of society

traveled to they Marshall Islands to take a picture of the makeshift sea wall with and collaborated on a book and exhibitions promoting environmentalism

exhibited his color work at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1976 changing the view that you can not use color photos in art which are elegant compositions of everyday things that show his skillful arrangement of off-balance diagonals that evokes a specific causal social setting.

she laid sheets of photosensitive paper on the bottom of shallow ponds at night causing the light to shine on the paper through the surrounding bushes that emphasize shadows. This creates landscapes looking up from below the water’s surface.

he highlights contemporary questions about government secrets with his Limit telephotography. He will get as close to secret government installations as legally allowed to take the picture, because of this they are blurry but still better than seeing it with a naked eye,

a vietnamese-born artist who record photographs onto plant material and often used images of victims of warfare in Southeast Asia like in Iridescence of Life #7 which is in the Genocide Museume in Camboida. Along with this he like to create memories for himself and the viewers like him migrating to the USwith his parents in 1979 (he used the daguerreotype process for this) like in his EL Captain Yosemite, CA May 22 with him being the first daguerreotypist to visit Yosemite.

Chemical photographic negative being to go out of fashion by the end of the 20th cen because

digital photos work by

he made vividly ‘real’ yet stage photographs with the pictures being blow up to it’s maximum size of about 8 by 10. In his Boy Falls from Tree even though it seems like a documentary it is actually a combination of a few different images.

he explicitly maximizes the editing potential of his photo editing software, he originally used film but soon embraced the new technology like in his piece 9812 with it being a series of layered photos mixed together with them having their color saturated.

it was the first experimental color movie with it being a non-representational movie. Because the Naiz party suppressed all forms of abstract and nonrepresentational art it was presented as an advertisement for a public relation company.

Cinema is a mass art closely monitored by those in authority but

an optical illusion that makes cinema possible; the eye and mind tend to hold images in the brain for a fraction of a second after they disappear from view

the logical extension of photography it is the production of movies as an art or industry

he commissioned a film to capture horse’s legs to settle a bet made by Leland Standford known as The Horse in Motion, this not only prove Standord correct that the legs of a horse leave the ground when galloping but it was one of the first films. This was done by Muybridge lining up a series of cameras close together creating zoopraxiscope.

Power of cinema comes from its ability to

he pioneered dissolves between scenes as a form of transtion between them and built them from a succession of shots that can be seen with his film Voyage to the Moon where Astronauts find a culture on the moon. His films was enjoyed worldwide

any uninterrupted run of a movie camera; shots are compiled into scenes, then into movie

He introduced the moving camera by releasing it from its fixed position in order to better express narrative content along with using several different shots taken from different angles and putting them together with film editing to increase the viewer’s feeling of involvement. Along with this he used parallel editing and was the frist to used close-up and long shots

the process by which an editor compiles shots into scenes and into a movie

a shot taken when the camera is so close to a subject that it fills the frame

a camera shot taken at a distance from the subject; used to emphasize groups of people or a panoramic setting

An editing technique that takes advantage of the fact that viewers’ emotional responses to one shot are transferred to the next.

he further developed Griffith’s techniques with his skillful use of montage like in The Battleship Potemkin

in motion pictures, the combining of shots into a sequence to portray the character of a single event through multiple views

Created by Dali and Luis Buneul it took advantage of the fact that a movie resembles a collective dream through their sequence of seemingly unrelated and irrational events to create this film. From doing this, it having a musical accompaniment it allow for a theme of unrealized sexual desire and inspired a hallucinogenic feel which is used for later music videos.

it is the production site for the vast majority of the world’s movies in the 1930s with the Motion Picture Production code which attempt to regulate the moral content of film by forbidding profanity in the script, depictions of nudity, sexual activity, drug use, interracial romance, and ridicule of the clergy. This caused Gone with the Wind to get a 5k fine for the line “Frankley, my dear, I don’t give a damn”. With any film lacking the MMPCA approval having no chance of wide distribution. The MMPCA influence declined over the decades but remained in effect until 1968 when the Motion Picture Association of America introduced the rating system that is still used today.

hand drawn frames photographed and project in sequence with Disney being the first to create the feature length movie using this, Fantasia in 1940

a series of drawings or paintings arranged in sequence with 24 frames being a second with the goal to give the illusion of movement as well as thinking and feeling charatures

many movie critics rank this 1941 movie as a landmark in cinema. Because of its aesthetic quality and meaningful social message,. The movie employs an unprecedented array of cinematic devices: dramatic lighting that communicates feeling, distorted lenses, dialog that bridges breaks between scenes, and clever editing to show the passage of time. Along with this it also pioneered the use of extreme angels and clever editing. Orson Welles co authored the script, directed, and played the leading role

a genre of dark and brooding black-and-white movies originating in Hollywood in the 1940s a example of this is Detour with the main character ends up being a murder suspect.

a japanese film maker who adapted European plays and stories through his own vision like Throne of Blood which retells Macbeth in ancient japan. With even western directions have adapted or remade Kurosawa’s movies

was a leading international director who told non-Hollywood tories with his movie La Dolce Via with it foreshadows many of today’s critiques of mass media with even the advent of the word paparazzi coming from the character Paparazzo

By the 1960s, the separation between artists and directors was as complete as it would ever be. Most artists who made movies considered their work “underground” and showed it mostly in galleries and art venues where such experimental cinema could flourish.

a early leader in the underground cinema movement In the late 1950s, he began painting directly on raw film and then scratching through it to create abstract movies. In 1959, he filmed the birth of his first child, a subject forbidden by the Production Code. His most famous movie is the feature-length Dog Star Man.

s a 6ft square picture of a lush and green forest that looks like they took it on a morning walk and stumbled upon the glade. The Wilson sisters took careful positioning of the rees in their photograph into account

s a 6ft square picture of a lush and green forest that looks like they took it on a morning walk and stumbled upon the glade. The Wilson sisters took careful positioning of the rees in their photograph into account

s a 6ft square picture of a lush and green forest that looks like they took it on a morning walk and stumbled upon the glade. The Wilson sisters took careful positioning of the rees in their photograph into account

s a 6ft square picture of a lush and green forest that looks like they took it on a morning walk and stumbled upon the glade. The Wilson sisters took careful positioning of the rees in their photograph into account

s a 6ft square picture of a lush and green forest that looks like they took it on a morning walk and stumbled upon the glade. The Wilson sisters took careful positioning of the rees in their photograph into account

s a 6ft square picture of a lush and green forest that looks like they took it on a morning walk and stumbled upon the glade. The Wilson sisters took careful positioning of the rees in their photograph into account

was the first to combine film and digital cinematography and strongly influenced the adoption of digital projection equipment in theaters.

The evolution to digital has implications:

made by Ridley Scott it was shot using multiple digital cameras, which opened in 49 countries over a ten-day period because of the digital special effects that also allowed the senses to seamlessly blend human actors with digital animation.

the process of digitally recording movements of actors for animation

the latest technical innovation in cinema it's an immersive form of cinema in which viewers don headsets that allow them to move their heads or bodies to see the action unfold around them in a complete panorama

made by Janicza Bravo it is a VR movie that puts the viewer in the back seat of a convertible as it drives through South Central Los Angeles

Unique characteristic of video

made by Nam June Paik it is 84 television screens set together to resemble the American Flag with old hollywood films flicker across them

made by Joan Joans it show past and present representation of the journey of the Mythological Icelandic figure Gudrun

made by Matthrew Barney it is a set of elaborately symbolic storylines shown by video with the apperencite passese throught obstacles at the Guggenheim Museum.

ranges from producing finished art, such as color prints, movies, and videos, to generating ideas for works that are ultimately made in another medium. With tbe barriers between the traditional and digital manipulation are eroding

in 19776 made by Vera Molnar it was a early effort ussing computer to program an image made with a plotter

he engage his viewers directly in the creative process like in Vectorial Elevation where the viewers could program an array of searchlights, locally or via a website and by doing this he share the resopnbility of creation

is a example of artisti using the advatanges of computers with her pice Today’s Ideology made in 2015, it is video screens connected to a database of day’s worth of photos form the New York Times, this gives the viewers a unique perspective on contemporary events

she confronts the issue of digital simulation like in her piece DiNA which is a video cyborg that is running for an imaginary office of Telepoereseint that searches in real time to answer a viewer's questions. Another example from her that explores the human-tech interface is Lorna 1984 which allows viewers to intervene in a character's life and Teknolust where a boy-geneticist downloads DNA into a computer.

made by MArtin Puryear it is a unpainted stack of wood on one side with it arranged to look like a elongated African mask on one side

is a work that is in 3 dimensions and exists in a space with there beng two main types, freestanding and relife

or in the round any piece or type of sculpture that is meant to be seen from all sides

sculpture in which three-dimensional forms project from the flat background of which they are a part

sculpture in relief in which the subjects emerge only slightly from the surface; no undercutting is present a example of this is Apollo coin

High relief:

working pliable material such as clay or wax into three-dimensional forms a example of this is the naturalistic sculpture Ballplayer with Three-Part Yoke and Bird Headress

a rigid framework serving as a supporting inner core for clay or other soft sculpting material

made by Auguste Rodin it has a small armature that was gradually had plaster added to it and when the plaster dired he remove it

made by Ken Price it is a non-representational sculpture made with clay layered in acrylic paint that give it a mysterious and iridescent quality

a process that involves pouring liquid material such as molten metal, clay, wax, or plaster into a mold; when the liquid hardens, the mold is removed, and a form in the shape of the mold is left. It was develop in ancient China and Greece along with parts of Africa with it being extensively used in the west during the Renaissance

mold only used once and then destroyed to remove the harden cast

made by Charles Ray it is a green tractor toy casted nad enlarged to life size with it being cast in soil steel making it weight more than 18 tons

a artist who cast actual people from life, this was done by removing all body hair and the models posed then cast in segments by applying a silicone rubber to their skin. The mold would be ruined after the removal so he could only make unique casts. A example of this is his pice Man with Camera

bade by rachel Whiteread it is a beekeeper’s hive filled with brown-orange resin it gives the absence of a new kind of haunting presence

a subtractive process in which a sculpture is formed by removing material from a block or mass of wood, stone, or other material, with the use of sharpened tools. Marble is the preferred material in the West to used for this with it being ever polished for a smooth surface

done by Michelangelo it is a unfinished carving pice revealing the process with it being done in the most challenging meoth yet he corrected no errors when ever possible

a circular, often dome-shaped, decoration that protrudes from a flat surface

it is preference to use walnut and cypress for this with a example of it being Mother and Child done by Elizabeth Catlett with it being a abstract composition of sweeping curves and essential shapes with a highly polished smooth wood surface

sculpture made by assembling found or cast-off objects, it become popular in the early 20th cen

pioneered the use of a welding torch in metal sculptures; he assisted Picasso in creating metal sculptures. Among his creations was Maternity, an Airy, playful and feminine shape metal sculpture.

he created ungainly constructions that fill galleries to the point of them being an obstruction with teetering pisces as a visual jolt to the viewers but it was carefully engineered for safety.

made by Marc Andre Robinsion it is a lower center of found chair from thrift stores and old used furniture with a higher back and wings dingy the intended sitter,

a sculptor that served in the Peace Corps in Sierra Leone where he admired the woodworkers for their resourcefulness and skill which inspired him to create Hominid which shows obvious craftsmanship. His works are designed to suggest shapes with the viewer completing what it looks like in their minds.

a type of sculpture in which parts move, usually suspended parts activated by air but others are move under man made power

pioneer mobiles with a focus on the shape, space and movement

made by Jeuse Rafeal Soto it is a wire slowly swaying in response to the air with it resembles the strokes of handwritin

made by Jean Tinguely it uses electricity to move with the viewers having to activate the work which will then create sound

a variety of media in a single work often represents a cultural or symbolic meaning

made by Cai Guo-Qiang it is nine automobiles perforated with light tubes. It is references both contemporary and action movies along with car bombing by terrorists.

she uses fabric over wooden armatures creating sculptures and hollow interiors with elements of fashion design. In her pice Grim Boy it show a “sressmaking’ as a feminist message with a 6 feet tall like gangly teen with a tense and lurking birdlike state.

By Rafeal Lozano-Hemmer it projects new stories onto walls with the brier’s shadow block some of the text to show a new way for viewers to interact with the news of the day

any work made for a certain place, which cannot be separated or exhibited apart from its intended environment

Architecture involve the integration of three issues:

Form is determined by

Masonry:

dressed

Examples of druymasonry

structural system in which uprights or posts support a horizontal beam that spans the space between them

a row of columns usually spanned or connected by beams, it was refined by the Greeks that can be seen in the Parthenon and other archiextures

supported by a column or pier and it is called a barrel vault when extended into tunnel-like structure

an upright support for an arch or arcade; fulfills the same function as a column, but is more massive and usually not tapered at the top

a semicircular arch extended in depth; a continuous series of arches one behind the other

a curved structure designed to span an opening, usually made of stone or other masonry; Roman arches are semicircular, Islamic and Gothic arches come to a point at the top

a curving masonry roof or ceiling constructed on the principle of the arch
They are of roman construction and were first used above ground which later turn into groin arches/vaults. Along with this they introduced liquid concrete

a vault formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults

the stone at the central, highest point of a round arch, which holds the rest of the arch in place

semicircular arch extended in depth; a continuous series of arches one behind the other

a aqueduct bridge that carried water on the top with it frist level acting like a bridge for traffic.

a generally hemispherical roof or vault build from a circular or polygonal base. The weight pushes downward and outward along the circumference

built in the 6th century with Isalmic Minaret towers added later, the dome rests on triangular pendentives that carry an enormous weight down to squares of the supporting walls. It appears to be floating due to a row of windows encircling the base

came from new tech in the west this can be seen in the center aisle of Notre-Dame. They are steeper than a rounder arch causing the weight to be directly downward with a sideways thrust that must be conquered by supporters. Often used on gothic buildings

a support, usually exterior, for a wall, arch, or vault that opposes the lateral forces of these structures

a strut or segment of an arch carrying the thrust of a vault to a vertical pier positioned away from the main portion of the building; an important element in Gothic cathedrals

a structural framework of wood or metal based on a triangular system, used to span, reinforce, or support walls, ceilings, piers, or beams

a wooden structural support system developed in the United States in the mid-nineteenth century in which standardized, thin studs are held together with nails

in the 19th century came uniform smelting technology that allowed for exterior walls and flexible interior spaces

created by Joseph Paxton for the first international exposition it covers 19 acres of park land and it is freed from past styles of construction. The mostly glass and cast iron is not for ornamentation but actually for its structure with the shape being inspired by leaf structures. It has flexible modular units but it is susceptible to fire causing buckling of unprotected metal struts and it even burned down in 1936.

the frist great modern architect that created the frist early skyscrapers like the Wainwright building in St.Louis and have the exterior reflect the interior frame.

an architectural style that emerged in several European countries between 1910 and 1920; characterized by the use of modern materials (concrete, glass, steel), avoidance of applied decoration, and focus on a building’s inner uses

: 6 steel supports that are placed in concrete slabs at approximate location of spots on a domino game piece, these support the floors and roof on the interior load-bearing rather the exterior wich in turn allows for more windows and flexible living spaces

used the principles of the International Style in his new building for the Bauhaus when that design school moved to Dessau, Germany. With it’s non-weight-bearing curtain allowed the walls to be made out of glass

Was one of the first to use the open planning way to building with him building with an awareness to the surroundings. He eliminated the walls between rooms, placed windows in the corners and used sliding glass doors inspired by Japanese screens. Along with this he used canritvers

a beam or slab projecting a substantial distance beyond its supporting post or wall

located at Bear Run Pennsylvania it was created by Frank Wright with it’s vertical accents being influenced by the trees in the area causing it to seem to float above the water and be in harmony with nature.

this method can be used with the Seagra Building, it has non-load-bearing walls with vertical lines to emphasize height and pattern. This allow the interior to gained some more floors space inside the building while embodies ‘less is more’

were known for decades through their use in tents and bridges, but the most dramatic recent use of this technique in a major public building was in the Jeppesen Terminal Building at Denver International Airport with it’s giant tent roof made of woven fiber glasses being inspired by the Rocky Mountains.

a public seminar space made out of carbon fibe made by Atelier Bow-Wow,can The building’s lightness was advantageous, because it eventually housed seminars on three continents.

a carbon neutral building material with it being limniated slabs of wood that allows it to be as strong as concrete, be lighter and fire resistant.

one of the largest structures made out of CLT it have vertical accents, programmable stats over the windows and a automated response to earthquakes.

awards for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) to help encoruge architects to try and reduce their impact on the environment

done by Michelle Kaufmann it was a green single family home design with efficient insulation and low flow fixtures.

a house in Kentucky that was re-adapted from a 120 year old tore with the brick walls being insulated from recycled blue greens with the flooring also being 100% recycled. Along with it it reduced it’s energy use, used geothermal wells below the building tapped for heating air and water and has solar panels.

the first building in Asia to earn the highest Platinum rating.

created by Jeanne Green tried to solve this by incorporating several green characteristics that emboldened the owner to seek LEED Certification. The curving and irregular balconies that give the tower a striking appearance and reduce the building swaying in prevailing winds. Along with that heat resistant glass was used to reduce the need for air conditioning in summer and it has a 80,000-square-foot garden on its roof, a literal “patch of green, the apartments have sustainable bamboo floors, energy-efficient appliances and a 24-car electric vehicle charging system awaits drivers in the basement.