Final Review

a famous artist known for this collage work

is a sketchbook Da vinici used to study adamonty

was motivated by strong curiosity and belief in the human ability to understand the fascinating phenomena of the physical world. He believed that art and science are two means to the same end: knowledge.

invented by Leondardo da vinic Italian for “counterpose;” the counter positioning of parts of the human figure about a central vertical axis, as when the weight is placed on one foot causing the hip and shoulder lines to counterbalance each other – often in a graceful S-curve

founder and leader of De Stiji a Dutch art movement that valued abstraction and simplicity.

American outsider artist who originally worked as a janitor

prolific painter, draftsman, and etcher with his supreme mastery of light and texture to emphasize emotional depth

Branch of philosophy that studies how and why artworks are considered beautiful

a particular material along with its accompanying technique (media)

a work made by gluing various materials, such as paper scraps, photographs, and cloth, on a flat surface

the various elements of a work are balanced but not symmetrical it is often around a felt or implied center of gravity

the near or exact matching of left and right sides of a three-dimensional form or a two-dimensional composition. Though it is not really desirable in sculpture and 2 day art, it is not unheard of.

symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower

that property of a color identifying a specific, named wavelength of light such as green, red, blue, and so on

the relative lightness and darkness of the surfaces with adding black produces a shade and adding white produced tint

the relative purity or saturation of a hue (color), on a scale from bright (pure) to dull

the size relation of one thing to another

a system of painting using tiny dots or “points” of color, developed by French artist Georges Seurat in the 1880s; Seurat systematized the divided brushwork and optical color mixture of the Impressionists and called his technique “divisionism”

the message or meaning of the work of art, it is what expresses or communicates to the viewer.

Subjects, symbols and motifs used in an image to convey it meaning (like the mother and child as mary and baby jesus) but not all works have this. Contemporary artists mash up and quote various traditions in this.

the total effect of the combined visual qualities within a work be it materials, or colors.

depicts the appearance of things, and is figurative art/art that recognizably represents or depicts a particular subject

Works that have no reference at all to natural objects/depict natural objects in a simplified, distorted or exaggerated ways. It may be obvious to the viewer or may need a verbal clue. This is common in many cultures.

nonobjective or non figurative art, presents visual forms with no specific references to anything outside themselves.(as in pure sound forms of music). It has a wide variety of forms, compositions, moods and messages possible. It draws and holds our attention despite not representing anything. Many people have a more difficult time to grasp this type of art but it can offer fresh ways of seeing, new visual experiences.

the appearance or condition of oneness with very few artworks being absolutely unified with having to much of it can make the piece boring

the size relationship of parts to a whole and to one another with changes in this can make a difference in the way the viewer experience a subject

two hues directly opposite one another on a color wheel, such as red and green, that, when mixed together in proper proportions, produce a neutral gray

a color scheme limited to variations of one hue

colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel, such as blue, blue-green, and green

The favorite medium of Western art for 5 cen with the Linseed oil as the vechincel recipe have been perfected by the 15th century by Flemish artists. It can be done wet onto wet, or wet onto dry and applied thickly or thinly.

Water-based paint media have been used for thousands of years with pigments mix with water for the vehicle and a gum arabic as the binder with a white rag paper being the most common support because it do not require sizing nor a priming

Know to the Greeks and Romans and highly developed during the Middle Agesit is a egg yolk binder paint mixed equally with pigment and thinned with water. It creates a Matted surface when dry with the preferred ground for it being gesso.

Invented in the mid twentieth cen it used a binder of acrylic polymer (synthetic) with its vehicle, waiter, more convenient than toxic turpentine. It is a relatively permanent paint that rarely darkens or yellow with age. Can not work with plastic canvas (teflon, nylon, silicon)

thick paint applied to a surface in a heavy manner, having the appearance and consistency of buttery paste or of cake frosting.

It is pigments suspended in water applied to damp lime-plaster surface with most modern frescoes utilize cartoons. The plaster dries quickly in this medium so only a portion can be painted that day is prepared. Its joints are arranged along edges of major shapes. It is a paid staining process with the Lime forms a calcium crystals that chemically bind the pigment to the wall making it a durable surface best suited for drier climatic zones.

printmaking tools used to thinly apply ink or paint onto a printing surface

or silkscreen or serigraph a technique in which stencils are applied to fabric stretched across a frame, and paint or ink is forced through the unblocked portions of the screen onto paper or another surface beneath. It was traditionally used silk as the material and this technique is good for producing a uniform color. This process do not make a reversal of the image as in other printmaking processes so it tend to use for proster production

a type of relief print made from a plank of relatively soft wood; the artist carves away the negative spaces, leaving the image in relief to take the ink for printing. or wood blocks they tend to leave bold black and white contrast but do not easily lend to color. This is limited to a couple hundred editions due to deteriorating relief edges

or linoleum cut it is a relief printmaking process in which an artist cuts away negative spaces from a block of linoleum, leaving raised areas to take ink for printing. This functions as a soft matrix, no grains, and can be cut with equal ease in any direction

a planographic printmaking technique based on the antipathy of oil and water; the image is drawn with a grease crayon or painted with tusche on a stone or grained aluminum plate; the surface is then chemically treated and dampened so that it will accept ink only where the crayon or tusche has been used

one of the first lithographic artist which made the work Transnoain, April 15, 1834 which captures a event of a militia killing many innocent tenants of a apartment

or F-Stop it is the ratio of focal length to the size of the opening

determines brightness of the resulting photo

a tool used to bring light to a fixed focal point

the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light, determined by sensitometry and measured on various numerical scales, the most recent being the ISO system.

a photograph taken by an early photographic process developed in the 1830s, in which a treated metal plate was exposed to light, and the chemical reactions on the plate created the first satisfactory photographic images

or ‘dark room’ it is the forerunner of the modern camera, a dark room (or box) with a small hole in one side, through which an inverted image of the view outside is projected onto the opposite wall, screen, or mirror, and then traced.

drew attention for the need for conservation of the natural environment in his piece Clearing Winter Storm. Yosemite National Park, California with its grandeur of nature that symbolized the spiritual life transcending into conflicts of society

a symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product.

a sign, name, or trademark of an institution, firm, or publication, consisting of letterforms or pictorial elements

a thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract.

short lines that end the upper and lower strokes of a letter in some fonts

a typeface without a serif

Sans meaning:

the art and technique of composing printed materials from type

structural system in which uprights or posts support a horizontal beam that spans the space between them

a material formerly or traditionally used in building walls, consisting of a network of interwoven sticks and twigs covered with mud or clay.

a curved structure designed to span an opening, usually made of stone or other masonry; Roman arches are semicircular, Islamic and Gothic arches come to a point at the top

used relatively lightweight, factory-made modules (standard-size structural units) of cast iron and glass. By freeing himself from past styles and masonry construction, he created a whole new architectural vocabulary.

created by Joseph Paxton for the first international exposition it covers 19 acres of park land and it is freed from past styles of construction. The mostly glass and cast iron is not for ornamentation but actually for its structure with the shape being inspired by leaf structures. It has flexible modular units but it is susceptible to fire causing buckling of unprotected metal struts and it even burned down in 1936.

pioneer mobiles with a focus on the shape, space and movement

sculpture in which three-dimensional forms project from the flat background of which they are a part

sculpture in relief in which the subjects emerge only slightly from the surface; no undercutting is present a example of this is Apollo coin

sculpture in relief in which more than half of a significant portion of the subject emerges from the background; high-relief sculpture thus requires undercutting, in contrast to low relief

sculpture made by assembling found or cast-off objects, it become popular in the early 20th cen

or in the round any piece or type of sculpture that is meant to be seen from all sides

a semicircular arch extended in depth; a continuous series of arches one behind the other

a vault formed by the intersection of two barrel vaults

a subtractive process in which a sculpture is formed by removing material from a block or mass of wood, stone, or other material, with the use of sharpened tools. Marble is the preferred material in the West to used for this with it being ever polished for a smooth surface

a process that involves pouring liquid material such as molten metal, clay, wax, or plaster into a mold; when the liquid hardens, the mold is removed, and a form in the shape of the mold is left. It was develop in ancient China and Greece along with parts of Africa with it being extensively used in the west during the Renaissance

working pliable material such as clay or wax into three-dimensional forms a example of this is the naturalistic sculpture Ballplayer with Three-Part Yoke and Bird Headress

sculptural form produced by adding, combining, or building up material from a core or (in some cases) an armature

sculpture made by removing material from a larger block or form

a type of sculpture in which parts move, usually suspended parts activated by air but others are move under man made power

a sculptural form made from earth, rocks, or sometimes plants, often on a vast scale and in a remote location

was one of the founders of the earthworks movement.

made by Rovert Smithson it was installed by hauling several thousand tons of basalt rock to the site to create the 1,500-foot long spiral at the Great Salt Lake

demonstrated exceptional drawing ability as young children. He also shared ideas and influences with French artist Georges Braque. Together they pursued investigations that led to Cubism

pioneered the use of a welding torch in metal sculptures; he assisted Picasso in creating metal sculptures. Among his creations was Maternity, an Airy, playful and feminine shape metal sculpture.

Was one of the first to use the open planning way to build with him building with an awareness to the surroundings. He eliminated the walls between rooms, placed windows in the corners and used sliding glass doors inspired by Japanese screens. Along with this he used canritvers

created the Guggenheim Museum which was more like a piece of functional sculpture