PSYCH 10 unit 5

detection of light

detection of chemical stimuli(smell and taste)

detection of pressure, vibration, and movement( touch and hearing)

focusing an image on the retina

layers of cells at the back of eye, including photoreceptor cells, intermediate cells, and ganglion cells, its where transduction takes place

the conversion of light energy into nerve signals

sensitive even to DIM light but not to color, photoreceptor cells found mainly in periphery of retina. responsible for SCOTOPIC VISION

respond to color, mostly located in fovea, operate best under HIGH illumination, responsible for PHOTOPIC vision.

small portion of the center of retina, highly populated with cones and is where we focus an image

as light enters the eye, it is bent by..

when light is bent by cornea, it travels through the ___ which gets larger(dilates) in LOW light, and narrows(constricts) in BRIGHT light

diameter of pupil is adjusted by muscles that WIDEN and NARROW the...

white part of eye

visual pathway

you can trace info from ___ visual field(red) affecting BOTH eyes, but being processed by the ___ LGN and ___ primary visual cortex

LARGE area in OCCIPITal lobe where visual perception begins, is divided in structures labeled V1-V5 and each number represents different functions of visual system

cells of primary visual cortex, have rectangular receptive fields, are sensitive to LINES of specific orientations

neurons in visual cortex, and temporal lobe that are tuned to certain features in visual field, like angles, movement, shapes, faces, and line orientation

cells in fusiform gyrus that respond to different faces

theory of color vision that assumes theres 3 types of cones: blue,green, and red that are sensitive to different wavelengths of light

color blindness where a person has only TWO instead of three cones

theory of color vision that assumes cells in RETINA AND THALAMUS send TWO different signals if they are EXCITED OR INHIBITED

the point of conscious awareness of sensory info, is influenced by memory, context, and expectations

eardrum that converts sound waves into action of auditory ossicles

three bones in middle ear that relay vibration from tympanic membrane to oval window of cochlea.

three bones in middle ear are...

bony, fluid-filled, snail shaped structure containing thre chambers. where wave action affects neuron firing on organ of CORTI

FLEXIBLE membrane that makes up base of organ of corti, is tonotopic, and THINNER near the base and THICKER near apex

THICKER membrane at top of organ of corti where stereocilia of hair cells attach

structure where auditory transduction takes place

area near inner ear that senses GRAVITY, ACCELERATION, AND ROTATION in 3D space

part of vestibular system with 3 semicular fluid filled chambers that SENSE ROTATION of head

part of vestibular system that detects acceleration, gravity, head tilt

medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)

is where auditory perception begins, an area of cortex at superior area of temporal lobe near parietal lobe.

protective outer layer of skin that has SKIN CELLS that are always being replaced

second layer of skin that has blood vessels and receptor cells for detecting pain, pressure, and temperatures

third, deepest layer of skin, contains adipose tissue, blood vessels, and white blood cells

skin receptors sensitive to pain, temp, chemicals, and immune responses

skin receptors that respond to mechanical stimulation, like pressure and vibration

the largest human sense organ, and serves many functions like insulation, protection against diseases, and sensation of touch

knowing where your limbs are in relationship to your body

sense of taste( five tastes include, sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami)

sense of smell

bumps on tongue that has taste receptor cells

cells along side of taste papillae thats in charge of chemical transduction for sense of taste

cells in olfactory system responsible for chemical odor transduction