chapter 9

one of the first IQ tests that tests general knowledge, math, visual-spatial processing, working memory, and reasoning

charles spearmans value representing GENERAL intelligence across many cognitive abilities

COMMONLY USED measure of intelligences, made for ADULTS, EVALUATES verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed.

how to calculate IQ based on CRONOLOGICAL AGE, and MENTAL age.

finding that IQ scores have IMPROVED over the past 50 years. shows that the scores are AFFECTED by environmental influences like nutrition

the ability to think and reason ABSTRACTLY and solve certian problems WITHOUT relying on PAST knowledge or experience

measures a persons accumulated knowledge, experience, and socialization

cognitive shortcut for making QUICK DECISIONS that require little effort

theoretical system in our minds that makes QUICK, EFFORTLESS, judgements and decisions. prone to ERRORS and BIASES.

theoretical system in our minds that makes SLOW, ANALYTICAL, AND DELIBERATE decisions, requires TIME, ATTENTION, AND EFFORT

make judgements based on STEREOTYPES/PHYSICAL appearance

tendency to overestimate the FREQUENCY, IMPORTANCE, or LIKELIHOOD of an event because of how easily it comes to mind

our tendency to report FALSELY that we predicted an outcome (after the fact)

incorrect way of making judgements when someone ignores info about general principles or OBJECTIVE STATS in favor of SPECIFIC INFO

incorrect way of making judgements when we tend to only search for info that SUPPORTS our beliefs

incorrect way of making judgements where the chance of two events occuring together is ALWAYS LESS than one event occuring ALONE

incorrect way of making judgements cause one assumes that chances are SELF-CORRECTING. ex: if coin is tossed on heads 5 times in a row, one can feel more CONFIDENT that TAILS will come up on the next toss.

assumption that one who shows a string of SUCCESSES will CONTINUE that success

our judgement is ALTERED if an ESTIMATION is made after hearing very HIGH OR LOW-VALUE estimation ahead of time.

BIASES that we have that are BELOW our CONSCIOUS awareness

PREFERENCE/VALUE of one option is INCREASED if a similar slightly INFERIOR option is available as well