1an awareness of ourselves and our environment
consciousness
2rene descartes, idea that the conscious mind is separate from the physical body and brain
mind-body dualism
3idea that sense of consciousness emerges from working brain and cant be understood by looking at SEPARATE components of brain activity
emergent property
4first level of consciousness (freud), which is our awareness of memories, sensations, and perceptions.
conscious mind
5second level of conscious mind(freud), memories or thoughts that you dont access in the moment but can be EASILY brought into consciousness.
preconscious
6last level of conscious mind (freud), thoughts and emotions that CANT be brought into our awareness but still INFLUENCE our behavior
unconscious
7BERNARD BAARS theory of consciousness based on idea that we "spotlight" short-term memory of current events or mentally retrieved long term memories
global workspace theory
8MICHAEL GRAZIANOS theory of consciousness based on a schematic representation of our attention and memories
attention schema theory
9mental model of things as a memory or of our physical body. where we know where are different body parts are in space for example
schema
10animals daily rhythm of sleep, arousal, and metabolic functions
circadian rhythm
11structure in hypothalamus just SUPERIOR to optic chiasm that plays important role in establishing and maintaining circadian rhythms
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
12structure POSTERIOR to thalamus that regulates release of the hormone melatonin. plays important role in circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles.
pineal gland
13persons preferences for sleep and wake times like night owls for example
chronotype
14tool used in sleep lab to measure physiological responses during sleep
polysomnography
15they are produced when neurons are NOT firing together in a pattern, they are recorded when one is AWAKE, ALERT, AND CONCENTRATING.
beta waves
16they are recorded when one is more RELAXED, RESTING, OR MEDITATING, they have slightly higher amplitude than beta waves
alpha waves
17most often recorded during SLEEP but can also be found in people who are in deep meditation or daydreaming
theta waves
18they have HIGHEST AMPLITUDE and LOWEST FREQUENCY, only recorded during deep sleep
delta waves
19time during sleep where brain is very active, eyes dart back and forth, where dreaming occurs, THETA WAVES
REM
20more associated with THETA and DELTA waves in deep sleep, has three stages of sleep
NREM
21a stage in NREM where we have THETA WAVES and have disoriented or dreamlike thoughts. muscles relax, heart rate slows, temp drops, SLOWER FREQUENCY, GREATER AMPLITUDE
STAGE N1
22stage in REM where we have light sleep but have some high frequency waves called SPINDLES or HIGH voltage activity. solidify memory
STAGE N2
23comprises deep slow wave sleep of mostly DELTA brainwaves, SLOWEST FREQUENCY AND HIGHEST AMPLITUDE, body REPAIRS and REGROWS
STAGE N3
24typically 3-5 cycles a night, 60-100 minutes per cycle
sleep cycles
25typical night includes
60% LIGHT sleep, 20% DEEP sleep and REM
26FRUEDs theory of dreams
they represent unconscious wishes, mainly sexual desires
27theory in dreaming where the cortex is trying to make sense of high activity in brainstem. dreams dont have underlying meaning
activation synthesis hypothesis
28ZANG states that dreams help to..
encode, organize, and process memories, and transfer them to longterm storage
29jungs dream theory
they reflect internal conflicts/ focuses, and also their cures
30concerns during day=brain activity at night
cognitive theory
31sleep mightve helped our ancesters to keep safe from predators at night and conserved their energy
adaptive evolutionary function
32body rejuvenation and growth
restoractive function
33enhances synaptic connections, memory consolidation
brain plasticity
34when you cant move when awake, happens just before falling asleep or while waking up
sleep paralysis
35cant fall asleep
insomnia
36any sleep disorders that affect movement and behavior during sleep, like night terrors, sleep paralysis, and REM sleep behavior disorder
parasomnia
37one wakes up constantly when trying to sleep cause of breathing difficulties
sleep apnea
38feeling sleepy or a loss of control of muscle movement during wakeful hours
narcolepsy
39sleep hygene
measures taken to improve sleep like, keep a sleep routine, avoid caffeine mainly later in the day, avoid alchohol before bed, make room dark, quiet, and cold; avoid screens, allow natural light in morning, dont eat before sleeping, and prioritize sleep.
40screaming and kicking in sleep but it doesnt occur in dreams
night terrors
41any chemical that affects nervous system
psychoactive drugs
42INCREASE CNS activity: SPEED up mental and physical processes,
legal and UNREGULATED: coffee, tea, energy drinks, soda, dark chocolate
legal and REGULATED: nicotine, adderall, ritalin
ILLEGAL: meth, cocaine, crack cocaine, amphetamines
stimulants
43DECREASE CNS activity: SLOW DOWN mental and physical activity,
MOST are LEGAL and HIGHLY regulated: alcohol, benzos, aka tranquilizers( valium, xanax)
but often abused: opiates( Vicodin, heroin, codeine, oxycodone, morphine, fentanyl)
depressants
44class of drugs that alter consciousness, perception etc
most are illegal but have tons of health/psych benefits: psychedelics, LSD, psilocybin, THC, DMT, MDMA,ketamine
hallucinogens
45how drugs affect nervous system
alters conscious, modifies perceptions, change moods, and alters behaviors
46how drugs lead to addiction
sends signals to VTA first->NAC-> prefrontal cortex, serotonin is blocked off so there is no point where your satisfied, you want more.