Exam 4

contains repressed thoughts, feelings, and memories that influence behavior and mental processes without conscious awareness

instinctual part of the mind containing aggressive and sexual drives

Mediates between the id's desires and the superego's moral standards, balancing impulses with reality

moral component, representing internalized societal values and inducing guilt

birth order significantly affects personality development. firstborns, middle children, and youngest children develop different traits based on their family position

Regression, projection, denial, repression

Reverting to behaviors from earlier developmental stage

Blaming others for their own unacceptable feelings/thoughts

Refusing to accept reality/facts

Unconsciously blocking out painful thoughts or memories

Overemphasis on sexual/aggressive drives, lack of evidence, unscientific/non-falsifiable

works closely with patients, diagnose and treat mental health disorders

deviant (atypical) maladaptive (dysfunctional), personally distressing (despair)

focuses on the relationship between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, identifies and modifies dysfunctional thoughts to improve emotional well-being and behavior.

emphasizes the role of culture, social norms, and systemic factors in shaping an individual's mental health. Seeks to understand clients within the context of their cultural identities, societal influences, and lived experiences.

Extreme anxiety, physical sensations of fear, racing heartbeat, shortness of breath

Obsessions and compulsions to reduce anxiety

Excessive worry about everyday things, trouble controlling worries, restlessness

Extreme anxiety in social situations, fear of judgment/humiliation

Impulsive, reckless, manipulative, uncaring about others feelings

emotional instability, disturbed patterns of perceptions, impulsive, intense unstable relationships

problems with social communication and interaction, restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests

Facilitate personal growth and self-actualization by helping clients become more self-aware and accepting

Stigma (shame), implies internal cause, NOT environment, either have a disorder or not, no inbetween

Primacy effect (better remember the first piece of information they encounter

Operant conditioning (maladaptive behaviors can be unlearned, replaced with healthy behaviors), positive reinforcement

Assumes most people have insight or resources to improve their lives. Conscious, present, self-fufillment

Combines relaxation techniques with gradual exposure to phobias to help overcome them, associates phobias with relaxation

Calm/anxious, secure/insecure, self-satisfied/self-pity

Antidepressant drugs, work for moderate-severe depression, reduce symptoms for 20% of people

different perspectives, builds confidence, facilitates self-discovery through group interactions

procedure that uses a mild electrical current to cause a brief seizure

when an assessment or test appears to do what it claims to do.

Emphasizes internal physiological and genetic factors influencing personality, focuses on links between personality traits, DNA, and brain processes

Links ventrolateral part of ventromedial hypothalamus to aggressive motivations or behaviors

Overwhelms sense of identity, feelings of anonymity, arousal, reduced self-awareness, focus on group norms

Individuals less likely to help in emergency when others are present (diffusion of responsibility, someone else will help them)

therapist and patient working together for the purpose of therapy/treatment

Physical attractiveness, beautiful is good, self-fulfilling prophecy (if it is said, it will come true)

Happiness and self-satisfaction, feeling that life is going well

attribute feelings and intentions to people to understand their behavior, Internal (caused by something within the person) and external (caused by something outside the person)

Ignoring power of situation to influence people's behavior (victim blaming)

tendency to overvalue the prevalence of their own beliefs, values, and behaviors (project onto others)

seeing one's self with an overly positive view in order to enhance or maintain self-confidence and esteem.

discomfort a person feels when their behavior does not align with their values or beliefs (want to be healthy, but don't work out/eat healthier foods)

people learn about their own attitudes and character traits by observing their own behavior