Weeks 1-3

-a set of related components that work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate info

supports:
-fundamental business operations
-data reporting/visualizations
-data analysis/decision making
-communication

1) COST LEADERSHIP: providing same value as competitors but at a lower price
2) DIFFERENTIATION: charging higher prices for providing products preceived by customer as being better
3) FOCUS: by understanding + servicing a target market better than anyone else

a) People: make the difference between success and failure
ex: end users who work w/ IS such as receptionist, finance managers, HR, etc.
b) Processes: defines steps to follow to achieve specific end result
ex: enter a customer order, pay supplier invoice
c) Technology Infrastructure: hardware, software, databases, network facilitates, services
ex: uses reources to develop, test, deliver, control, and support
d) Structure: defines relationships among members of an org
ex: roles, responsibilities, lines of authority

a) Personal
b) Workgroup
c) Enterprise
d) Inter-organizational

a) Information Age: is the idea where production, distribution, and the control of
information were the primary economic drivers. Similar to the industrial
revolution, this time period in history allocated an increased use in technological
devices that aimed to control and take over the economy.

b) The Digital Revolution: was the idea where we had a transition from
analog/mechanical devices to more digital. This “revolution” changed the way
people kept data and changed the way in how they processed the data.

a. Scheduled (a report that is generated at a regular interval such as weekly ordaily)
b. Ad-hoc (reports that are generated at an as needed basis and they are one off
reports that are used to answer questions)
c. Real-time (the idea of gathering a ton of data at every minute or hour and relaying
the data in order to compare and contrast various trends in the data)

A formal framework to ensure IT investments support business needs. IT governance framework is the structure for leadership, organizational, and business processes with regard to information technology.

Who should care:
a. Organizations or businesses that are subject to regulatory compliance
b. Businesses or organizations that have business models driven by efficiency and
optimization
c. Organizations that have demonstrated mature IT operations

Governance:
Strategies for organizational success
Provides guidance and steering
Focuses on priorities and policies
Usually driven by a steering or governance committee consisting of various business stakeholders and IT representatives
Their job is to assess and mitigate risk and compliance with controls and regulation
They’re typically a mix of technical and non-technical individuals

Management:
Involves daily actions, decisions, implementations and processes
Works on upholding departmental and organizational objectives
Usually driven by technologists tasked with implementation and support of IT systems and applications.
Their priorities and mission are consistent and optimal IT service delivery
Their backgrounds are typically in technology and management

i. Routines and Business Processes
ii. Organizational Politics
iii. Organizational Culture
iv. Organizational Environments
v. Organizational Structure

i. Entrepreneurial
ii. Machine
iii. Divisionalized
iv. Professional
v. Adhocracy

i. Economic Impact
transaction cost theory

ii. Organizational Impact
IT flattens organizations
-decision making is pushed to lower levels
-fewer managers are needed (IT enables faster decision making and increases span of control)

iii. Behavioral Impact
-organizations flatten because in postindustrial societies, authority increasingly relies on knowledge and competence rather than formal positions

Firm's seek to economize on transaction costs
-supports the idea that through technology business can reduces cost of processing
- Try to reduce costs through: vertical integration, hiring more employees, buying suppliers and distributors