Weimar SPEND

112

August 1921, they had 800 members by August 1922

32 people in September 1919

Between November 1919 and November 1920 he was the speaker at 31/46 events. A huge part of the party's appeal was Hitler's skills as an orator.

3000 people

9th november 1918

February 1919, they agreed to a new constitution on the 31st July 1919

28th June 1919

13%

6.6 billion pounds

Article 231

100,000 soldiers, 6 battleships and no airforce.
The rhineland was technically demilitarised but allied troops remained untill 1930.

6th January 1919, over 100,000 people engaged in a general strike

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht

250,000 men

March 1920, 5000 Friekorps marched into Berlin

Friedrich Ebert ordered a general strike which continued for 4 days - the city had no access to gas, electricity, water or transport in this time

January 1923

80% so the seizure of the Ruhr worsened goods shortages, unempoyment and German debt

200,000 billion marks

November 1923

1924

Reduce reparations to 50 million pounds a year (temporarily)
Loaned german industry 25 billion dollars over 6 years

1929

Reduce total reparation debt from 6.6 billion to 2 billion pounds
Stretched reparation deadline to 1988

1925

1926

1928

1925

101,000 which eased the housing shortage

It shortened from 50 to 46 hours

1.3 million

Started at Bauhaus design college, it was a art style that stressed the beauty in technology, simple lines and careful craftmanship

110,000 which was an increase from 70,000 before the war

Set up permanent headquarters in munich to better organise the party.
Bought a newspaper (the people's observer)

50,000

January 1922

8th and 9th of November 1923

Approximately 1000 SA and 2000 volunteer supporters

14 Nazis and 4 policemen were shot dead

He was sentenced to 5 years but only served 9 months

32

February 1925, in the mean time they had simply operated under a different name

400,000

1925, the acted as Hitlers personal body guards and were very elite

1926

Hitler spoke for 5 hours to undermine the northern, socialist part of the nazi party.
Strengthened Hitlers power over the party and his ability to adopt whatever policys he liked as they abandoned the socialist message of their ethos.
Convinced Goebbels to side with Hitler, who was eventually instrumental to the success of the party.

12

1924 to 1929 because the general german economy was doing well in this time

October 1929

1.3 million

6.1 million

only 13 times

Farmers, young people, big business, middle classes, working classes

march 1932 and april 1932

230

may 1932

january 1933

27th february 1933

4000

23rd march 1933

may 1933
Nazis arrested trade union officials and hitler made strikes and trade unions illegal

July 1933 however the main opposition parties of the SDP and KPD had been shut down long before

30th June 1934

Ernst Rohm

Heinrich Himmler

3 million

The SA were far more loyal to rohm than to hitler
Rohm opposed hitlers policies and criticised hitlers industrial links, he was far more socialist.

over 100 were arrested, imprisoned and then shot
in the days after the night, 400 people including politicians and SA members were killed (including von schleicher)

2nd August 1934

The SS, the SD and the gestapo

Reinhard Heydrich

160,000

30,000

1933

July 1933

A scathing criticism of Hitler called "with burning anxiety" that stressed the danger that Hitler posed to Europe and religion

He set up the national socialist league for the maintenance of the Law.
All judges had to be members and anyone who displeased the Nazis were denied membership.
Thist meant that in any conflict of interest between the Nazis and the law, the nazis would be prioritised.

It heard all cases of treason against the state.
Hitler handpicked judges who held similar views to him to ensure that the sentencing would be to his liking.

534

1/3

Hitler confirmed freedom of worship for catholics and agreed not to interfere with catholic schools
The pope agreed that catholic priests would not interfere in politics and he ordered his bishops to swear loyalty to the regime.

1936

A combined protestant church that operated under hitler's regime and supported his views.
It excluded any christian teachings that were shared with Judaism through the old testament.
Some churches displayed swastikas.

1934

It was a protestant organisation that opposed the hatred of the nazi regime and worked to keep nazism out of religious ceremonies.

2000 priests remained in the reich church however 6000 went to the confessing church

800

Martin Niemoller

He initially supported the nazis.
He opposed them not allowing jews to convert to christianity and he disliked nazi interference in the church.
He was repeatedly arrested and was sent to a concentration camp in 1938 where he remained untill the end of the war.

Joseph Goebbels

Censorship, propoganda, controlling culture and the arts

Journalists were told what they could and could not publish.
Newspapers were given regular briefing from the government telling them EXACTLY what to write, and other information that made the nazis look good.

1600
Every newspaper became a nazi newspaper, or else they got closed down.

70%
More than anywhere else in Europe

All radio stations were put under nazi control and official broadcasts of speeches were made frequently.
Cheap and mass produced radios were sold to the public, with only a short range so foreign stations could not be picked up.
Radios were placed in cafes, schools, factories and the street. They were unavoidable.

They held a huge military rally in ruremburg every year.
It exuded strength and german unity.
They would use thousands of swastika banners, hundreds of search lights and huge statues to exude strength, a party like atmosphere and a sense that you were apart of something great.

200,000

1936

33, more than any other country, this was seen as a win for nazism and proof that the german race were superior

Jesse owens, an african american athlete
This enraged hitler

Established in september 1933
Made sure all art, literature, music, theatre and film was in line with nazi beliefs.
Anything that was not was banned.

The reich chamber of visual arts which required all painters and sculptors to be members.
42,000 people were accepted.
Anyone not accepted was banned from selling, producing or teaching art.
They also incentivised 'appropriate art' through huge art competitions with large prizes

12,000

He built huge buildings with features from ancient rome and greece to make buildings and thus the nazi regime see grand, historic and permanent.
Buildings were decorated with huge swastikas.
He hated modern architecture from the weimar government.

Jazz music as it was seen as the work of black people and black culture.

Classical musc from german composers like beethoven and bach

Held in may 1933
Led by the nazi youth and other supporters
over 25,000 books were burnt in this time, even important scientific texts
Millions of other books were removed from shelves

2500

They released 1300 propoganda films with varying levels of obviousness.
All other films had to be approved and censored appropriately.
All films in cinemans were preceded by a newsreel praising nazi achievement.

Went on long hikes to escape from nazi control
Attacked Hitler youth in the street

Organised illegal dances
Gathered together to drink and listen to banned music

They should be "beaten, given the severest exercise and then put to hard labour"

2000

The German Women's enterprise

6 million

Introduced in 1933
Loans provided to young comples who got married and had the wife stay at home to have children

Programme run by Heinrich Himmler
Provided nurseries and financial aid for women who had children with SS men, even those who were single.
Meant to deter abortions of "good racial stock"

7000 in its entire 9 year history
They kidnapped many more children though to raise them in "morally safe" environments

Promoted childbirth by rewarding mothers who have any children
They were given medals that the hitler youth had to salute to in public
Seen as honourable

1937
Essentially meaning no girls could progress to higher education

360,000

Modest clothing, hair tied back, no makeup or jewellery,

Because german industry had expanded so much they needed more workers.
7 million female workers by 1939

9 million

1939

1933

1.2 million

200,00

Mein kampf was a mandatory text
PE time was doubled to increase strength in boys and general health in girls
Boys and girls had different curriculums
Race studies was taught
New textbooks were made

422,000

Repair roads, plant trees and reduce unemployment

1935

7000 miles

125,000

38 billion marks

Reduced unemployment
Boosted industry by allowing goods to be transported very quickly

1,360,000

26 billion marks

Wages increased by between 10-20% per year in the 1930s
However
There was also a large increase in the cost of goods and food which balanced out the wage increase

43 hours in 1933 increased to 49 hours in 1939

The german labour front

the rights of workers in the work place
maximum length of the work week
minimum wages

Workers lost their right to negotiate better pay with their employers
Maximum length of working week increased
They had the power to punish workers harming production

Strength through joy

Provided leisure activities and rewards for workers
you could win holidays and tickets to events aswell as community activities

35 Million

Beauty of labour
Campaigned to provide better facilities for workers like toilets and canteens
However workers were often made to build these facilities themselves for no extra pay, facing punishment if they did not want to

Untermenschen
They were deemed unworthy of life

Jews, who experienced a lot of success in finance and business, were blamed for the economic issues of versailles and hyperinflation
Hitlers huge amounts of anti jewish propaganda
Jews were a clearly and identifiable "other" that had noticably different customs from christian germans

To create extra living space for the booming german population

They believed they did not work enough or contribute to taxes,
They threatened the racial purity of germany

They were banned for travelling in groups, they were rounded up and tested for racial characteristics.
If they failed this rigged test, they lost citizenship and benefits of rights in germany.

1939

5000

1935

Programme that killed babies and under 18s that possessed mental or physical disabilities using drugs or starvation

the 1939 law for the prevention of hereditarily diseased offspring

1933

From 1934, jews were abnned from parks and swimming pools
Yellow benches were provided for jews to keep normal germans safe from them

1935

The reich law of citizenship.
Only those of german blood could be citizens.
Anyone who did not have german blood was a subject and could not vote, or have a passport.
Jews had to wear visible yellow stars so Germans could easily recognise them.

The reich law for the protection of German blood and honour
Forbade marriage and sexual relations between Jews and German citizens

They had to register all their possessions, making them easily confiscatable
They had to carry identity cards making it easier for them to be persecuted

November 1938

A polish Jew killing a german citizen in the german embassy in paris

Order the SS, SA and Gestapo to attack local synagogues and the houses of jews
Order local newspapers to print articles condemning the shooter, and specify him being Jewish

Ordered a nationwide attack
Nazi leaders and SS groups were told to attack jews and their property discreetly, out of uniform
The police were ordered to allow all violence against Jews
The SS were told to arrest as many jews as possible

100 (this is considered a gross underestimation)

191 and 171 homes (this is considered a gross underestimation)

20,000 jews were rounded up to concentration camps
Jews were fined 1 billion marks

1939, they were evicted from their homes

160,000