General Psychology Test #3

Transfers electrical impulses

Neurons

Neurons

Passes on chemical messages

Excites body

Calms body down

The brain and spinal cord

Controls movement and is voluntary

Controls movement but is not voluntary

The endocrine gland

Releases hormones

Releases hormones that influence growth (also influences other glands to produce more)

Pituitary gland

Reticular formation (inside medula)

Brainstem

On top of the brainstem

Thalamus

Rear of the brainstem

Cerebellum

Amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus

Emotion

Memory

Coordination

Controls high thinking/complex functions

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal

Judgement, planning, and processing

Frontal lobe

logic

Emotion/visual perception

How our brain builds new pathways to adjust new experiences

A period of natural loss of consciousness

Body temperature adjusts for everyone

Up up down up down

90

Not asleep, but slow alpha waves

Light sleep, intermediate sleep, and deep sleep

1-7 minutes

20-25 minutes

30-60 minutes

10-25 minutes

our dreams are most vivid

Persistant problems in falling/staying asleep

Periodic, sudden, overwhelming sleep

Intermitently stops breathing (never reaches deep sleep)

Increased heart rate breathing

Vivid, emotional, and bizare

When you don't get REM sleep one night, the next night you get extra REM sleep

Chemical substance change in perception and moods

Significant life disruption/physical risk

Brain chemistry adapts to offset drug effect (the more you use, the more you need to get the same effect)

Craving substances and going through withdrawl when deprived (gambling, gaming, pornogrophy)

stimulating or inhibiting emotions

Reduce neural activity and slow body functions (like alcohol, sleeping pills, opiates/heroin)

Depressants

Controls our judgment (like alcohol)

Disinhibitor (depressants)

REM sleep

Induces sleep and anxiety prescribed to reduce nervous system activity

Tranquilizer (depressants)

Reduces nervous system activity, stops brain from producing its own opiates/endorphins

Opiates

Alcohol

Barbiturates

Heroin

Speeds up neural activity and body functions

Stimulants

Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, amphetamines

blood sugar levels to rise, appetite to go away, an increase in energy/self-confidance (pupils dialate)

Nicotine

Depletes the brain's supply of dopamine, seratonin, and norepinephrine

Emotional disturbances, suspiciousness, and convulsions

Mood soars and body functions speed up (same as cocaine, but has a different chemical makeup)

Anphetamine

Makes you feel good/connected (can cause hallucinations)

Ecstasy

Distorts perceptions and evokes sensory images in the absence of imput

Hallucinogens (Psychodelics)

THC which is a psychodelic (Tetrahydrocannabinol)

How natural selection has shaped our universal behavioral tendencies/how our predispositions (physical and psychological) have helped human ancestors survive/ reproduce (natural selections effects on society)

Principle that says that among all variations, the ones that lead to reproduction and survival in a particular environment will most likely be passed on to future generations

Nurturance/empathy

Logic

It is impossible to maintain genes that do not promote reproduction

A parents phenotype (characteristics) will pass on the phenotype to its offspring

Kids seek out peers with similar attitudes and interests

Personal desire/identity (western)

focus on family/contribution to community (eastern)

23 from mother and 23 from father (45 are unisex, one is from either father or mother)

Female

Male

Use of manipulative behaviors to hurt socially (verbal abuse)

Average age a boy has first ejaculation (age 14)

Average age a girl has first period (age 12 1/2)

A set of expectations about a social position

A set of expectations for that specific gender

Men and women share similar burdens

Women are expected to stay at home more often

The process of learning through experiencing new and reletively enduring infoehavior

association

Organisms learn to associate stimuli and thus anticipate events

We are the same as animals

The "little Albert" experiment

John B. Watson

Put child with rats and every time the child touched the rats, a loud noise would be made. This made the child afraid of rats

Unconditioned response (UR)

Conditioned response (CR)

neutral situation (uneffected by conditions)

being seen by others, good friendships

Being successful/having power and achievments

Leaders/more directive

more democratic

Testosterone, estrogen

4th or 5th month

Reproductive organs that change during puberty

Breasts and wider hips

Facial hair and deeper voice

reinforcing behavior in positive or negative ways

Adding something positive to increase behavior

Removing something negative to increase behavior (kid was good in class, so teacher said no homework)

Stuff you have associated with good things (money, tv)

Adding something negative to decrease behavior (spanking, more chores)

Removing something positive to decrease behavior (take away phone)

The persistence of learning overtime through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

A measure in which the person is able to retrieve information learned earlier/measure of memory (like a fill in the blank test)

Were a person only identifies items already learned (like a multiple choice test)

A measure that assesses the amount of time saved when relearning perviously learned information

Encoding, storage, and retrieval

Short term memory, long term memory

We receive something in our senses and then it either goes away or stays with us

We encode short term memory through rehersal then translate it to long term memory

Going over it over and over again

The memory of facts and experiences we can consciously know and declare (like learning names)

Effortful processing (we have to put in conscious effort)

Retention without conscious recolection (like walking/eating, things that are habits)

Visual stimuli

Auditory stimuli

When you cluster information into familiar/managable units (like a phone number)

Chunking

We remember things better when we space things out

Cramming

long term memory

Continued testing of knowledge (like with flashcards)

Semantic and episodic

Facts and general knowledge

Experienced events

It is the center of memory/the brain

It goes to the cerabellum

Helps find pathways to memories

Retrieving memories from our past

Planning future actionemembering to carry out an action (like remembering to take medicine)

An implicit and visible memory that predisposes our interpretation of a situation (like when you point out someone says umm a lot, and now that's all you hear)

The tendency to recall information best in the same mental state as when we learned the information (like when you chew gum while studying, and now the taste of the gum makes you think of what you were studying)

We retrieve memories consistant with our current mood

Severe form of the obssesive part of OCD

The inability to form new memories (remembers everything until 21)

You can't recall the past (after 21 you have to learn everything again)

Diagnosable loss of memory

Our memories are self-censored (to block painfulnacceptable memories)

We replace original memories with small amounts of reconstruction

We attribute to the wrong source how/when/where information is learned/imagined

Being in a similar consciousness to one before (similar stimuli)

The feeling you've never done something familiar before

Survey, question, read, retrieve, review