1Aggression
Physical or verbal behaviors intended to cause harm
2Social aggression
Hurting someone's feelings or relationships (not physical)
(Is to protect ego)
Example: Making up a rumor or making jokes about someone to build up your own self esteem
3Physical aggression
Hurting someone else's body (physical)
(Normally for self defense)
Example: War, pepper spray, tazer
4Hostile aggression
Agression that springs from anger-physical and verbal
(goal is to injure)
53 things agression comes from
1) biological influences (chemical reactions)
2)response to frustration
3)learned behavior
6Frustration
The blocking of goal directed behavior
7Frustration-aggression theory
The theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress
8Displacement
Redirection of aggression to a new target
9Relative deprivision
The perception that one is less well off than others observed
(We perceive ourselves as having less than we deserve)
10Social learning (aggression)
We learn aggression by observing others
11Aversive experiences
Pain hightens aggressiveness
12Temporary climate variations
Extreem external conditions highten aggression
Example: heat/smoke/air quality
13Aggression cues
Things around us that drive us into more of an aggressive state
Example: A gun just sitting on a table. No one has it, but it gets a reaction simply by being there
14Catharsis
Release of emotions (venting)
15What 3 things do our overall sense of wellbeing come from?
1)Belonging
2)Competence
3)Autonomy
16Ostracism
Acts of excluding or ignoring someone
17Mere anticipation effect
Anticipating interaction increases liking
(expectation that you will interact again)
18Matching phenomenon
People are more likely to form relationships with others that match their own attractiveness and other qualities
19Complimentarity
The concept that indiciduals with different traits or qualities can form balanced and effective relationships by fulfilling complimentary roles or needs
Example: a man is extroverted, a woman is introverted - they make eachother better/fill in the gaps by being different
20Ingratiation
Use of strategies to gain another's favor
Example: flattery
21Reward theory of attraction
People are drawn to others who provide rewarding experiences or benefits in relationships
22Robert Sternburg Trirangle 3 types of love that form all others
1)Intimacy
2)Passion
3)Commitment
23Robert Sternburg - intimacy alone (Sternburg triangle)
"Liking" friendship
24Robert Sternburg - commitment alone (Sternburg triangle)
Empty love - still together, but lacking any sort of friendship or passion
25Robert Sternburg - passion alone (Sternburg triangle)
Infatuation - shallow intense love
26Robert Sternburg - commitment and intimacy (Sternburg triangle)
Compasionate love - lacks intensity of passion, but has deep friendship
27Robert Sternburg - passion and commitment (Sternburg triangle)
Fatuatious love - quick commitment and passion, but founded only in infatuation
28Robert Sternburg - intimacy and passion (Sternburg triangle)
Romantic love
29Robert Sternburg - all of the three types of love (Sternburg triangle)
Consummate love
30Robert Sternburg - abscence of all three types of love (Sternburg triangle)
Non-love
31Passion (Robert Sternburg's theory of love)
Physical attractionodily emotion (often-times = sex drive)
32Intimacy (Robert Sternburg's theory of love)
Emotional closeness/connection
33Commitment (Robert Sternburg's theory of love)
Decision to stay with someone longterm
34Karrow Pateweh-4 forms of love
1)Sexual drive
2)Love of fondness
3)Love of desire
4)Love of benevolence
35Self disclosure
Deep compasionate relationships enable us to be who we are/show our true self
36Closure recipricocity
Disclosure and intimacy on both sides of relationships
37Emotional support given (things needed for closure recipricocity)
Providing emotional comfort/support to those in emotional distress
Example: Partner listens to spouse vent about work, and emotionally support them instead of trying to solve problems
38Emotional support seeking (things needed for closure recipricocity)
Requesting emotional comfort/help
Example: Asking for someone to listen to you
39Instrumental support given (things needed for closure recipricocity)
Providing physical/tangible help (problem solving)
Example: Husband cleans kitchen because wife is stressed
40Instrumental support seeking (things needed for closure recipricocity)
Requesting physical help (problem solving)
Example: "Can you please cook dinner for the kids? I am stressed!"
41Secure (Adult attachment style)
Comfortable with closeness/independence - able to easily form healthy relationships
42How secure attachment is formed (Adult attachment style)
Formed by caregivers constantly responsive/supportive
43Avoidant (Adult attachment style)
Prefer independency and avoids emotional intimacy and closeness
44How avoidant attachment is formed (Adult attachment style)
Formed when caregivers are emotionally distant and dismissive
45Anxious (Adult attachment style)
Worries about being abandoned so they seek constant reassurance/closeness
46How anxious attachment is formed (Adult attachment style)
Formed when caregiver overly cares, but is inconsitant about it (inconsistant "helicopter parent")
47Fearful (Adult attachment style)
Desire for closeness, but fear of rejection - often unpredictable, and clingy, then apathetic
(pushes away to avoid rejection)
48How fearful attachment is formed (Adult attachment style)
Formed by the caregiver being abusive or chaotic
49Earned secure (Adult attachment style)
Where you develope security by becoming aware of self and experience new relationships that correct bad experiences
50Emotional detachment - grieving a loss - 4 things
1) Denile
2)Anger
3)Sadness
4)Bargaining
51Secure attachment (how different attachment styles affect dettachments)
May get sad, but allow themselves to feel things
52Secure attachment response (how different attachment styles affect dettachments)
Tends to verbalize/talk about it more
53Anxious attachment (how different attachment styles affect dettachments)
Prolongs the process - struggles to let go (because the fear abandonment)
54Anxious attachment response (how different attachment styles affect dettachments)
Find someone else (rebound dating)
55Avoidant attachment (how different attachment styles affect dettachments)
Seemingly dettach early (feel free) - sees benefits of the breakup quickly, then the feelings resurface later
56Avoidant attachment response (how different attachment styles affect dettachments)
Don't date for a while (also tend to hook up a lot)
57Fearful avoidant attachment (how different attachment styles affect dettachments)
Face significant internal conflict (feel a lot of pain) - significant delay in dettachment
58Fearful avoidant attachment response (how different attachment styles affect dettachments)
Will come back after a while - texts that they want you back etc
59Altruism
A motive to increase another's wellfare without conscious regard for one's own self interest
60Social exchange theory
Social interactions are transactional
Example: Working in a soup kitchen to feel good about yourself
61Do good feel good effect
When we do good things, we feel good about ourselves
62Social norms theory - two social norms:
1) Reciprocity norm
2) Social responsibility norm
63Reciprocity norm (social norms theory)
Expectation that people will help, not hurt people who help them
64Social responsibility norm (social norms theory)
Expectation from society that people will help those needing help
65Evolution theory - two core parts
1)Kin selection
2)Group selection
66Kin selection (evolution theory)
Altruism towards relatives enhances the survival of genes
67Group selection (evolution theory)
We make sacrifices for "us" so we can defend ourselves against "them"
Example: on a basketball team. You hate your team, but you hate the other team more, so you sacrifice being able to play to let a better player on you team beat the team you hate more
68Moral exclusion
Certain groups that are seen as outside the boundaries of our moral concern (allows others to justify lack of helping)
69How is altruism learned?
It is learned by doing it