biochem m2 + biochem m1

esters of long-chain fatty
acids and alcohols

They are waxy or oily substances
present in all living organisms

They are non-polar compounds, and are soluble in organic solvents. Also a structural and essential source of energy

OILS

FATS

Lipids are NOT INSOLUBLE in polar solvents

non-polar or weakly polar organic solvents

Insoluble or Soluble

1. Water + coconut oil
2. N-Hexane + coconut oil
3. Dil. HCl + coconut oil
4. Alcohol +coconut oil
5. DCM + Margarine

Insoluble or Soluble

1. Dil NaOH + coconut oil
2. Water + Margarine
3. DCM + coconut oil
4. Acetone + coconut oil
5. Acetone + Margarine

Insoluble or Soluble

1. Dil. HCl + Margarine
2. Ether + Margarine
3. Alcohol + Margarine
4. N-Hexane + Margarine
5. Dil NaOH + Margarine
6. Ether + coconut oil

EFFECTS OF FATS/OILS ON SURFACE TENSION
1. Water
2. Oil
3. Water+Oil

Formation of acrolein or propenal /acryl aldehyde

pungent irritating odor / acrid odor

in emulsification of fats it acts as a stabilizing agent/emulsifier or in some acts by reducing surface tension

TEST FOR CHOLESTEROL

bluish-red to purple

uses acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid
(+) = red or pink-> purple->blue -> bluish – green colour

Iodine number /value is defined as the number of grams of Iodine which will add to 100grams of fat or oil.

Iodine value shows the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids in an oil or fat

odine number /value is expressed in grams of I2 absorbed by 100 grams of fat/oil

Estimation of Iodine value is to determine the amount of unsaturation present in the given oil

TRUE OR FALSE

Unsaturated compounds absorb iodine and form saturated compounds

IODINE NUMBER FORMULA

Matching Type

1. Coconut oil a. 7-10
2. Olive oil b. 50-55
3. Palm oil c. 84-106
4. Cod Liver oil d. 80-88
5. Peanut oil e. 82-90
6. Castor oil f. 145-180

1. Corn oil a. 105
2. Canola oil b. 26-40
3. Butter c. 35-40
4. Human Fat d. 109-133
5. Cocoa Butter e. 110-126
6. Cottonseed oil f. 100-117

TRUE OR FALSE

The unsaturated fatty acids absorb iodine at the double bonds until all the bonds are unsaturated with Iodine.

is a measure of the degree of fatty acids to impart its color to the solution

-Also known as the Plasma Membrane

Semi-permeable / selective membrane

Plays a role in the production of assembly of the cell wall or capsule among plants and some microorganisms

its function is to regulate materials entering and exiting the cell

its structure is a two layers of phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, cholesterol

are large, thin, flat, and contain a rounded nucleus

Common where absorption or transport of materials is important

Play a role on diffusion, osmosis and filtration

Important in the kidney, in the alveoli of the lungs and in the walls of capillaries

Regulates DNA & RNA actions

its function is the Control Center of the Cell

its structure is membrane bound and contains the DNA

Assembles Ribosomes

Site of Ribosomal biogenesis and be found within the nucleus

TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
ACROSS THE MEMBRANE

Separation of molecules on the basis of size by their ability to diffuse through a semi-permeable
membrane

Separate small solutes from larger solutes and Usually does not allow proteins to pass through

solute movement is against the concentration gradient

Test for Chlorides

AgNo3 + NaCl

Test for Amino Acids

A positive result for the presence of alpha amino group: blue to violet color (Ruhemman's purple) and Proline is the exception because it produces a yellow color

Test for Peptide Bonds

-gives a positive result for compounds that
contains 2 or more peptide bonds.
-rose-violet-purple
-The deeper the color = more peptide bonds

from a region of higher concentration to a region of low concentration

Diffusion factors are:

Rate of diffusion

is the movement of a SOLVENT across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to a higher solute concentration

Movement stops when the two solutions reach equal concentration or when pressure is applied to the liquid on the stronger solution side of the membrane

a solution having the same osmotic pressure as some other solution, especially one in a cell or a body fluid

solution having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid

a solution with higher osmotic pressure than another solution, one in which there is a greater concentration or number of solute particles outside a membrane than there are inside it

branched chain polymer of D-glucose units

straight-chain polymer of D-glucose units

A property that is due to the tendency of fluid surface to contract an behave as if it is enclosed in an elastic membrane

The phenomenon is caused by cohesion bet. molecules at the surface of the liquid. These molecules don't have similar molecules above them to form cohesive bonds with, they form stronger bonds with those around and below them. The result of the strong cohesion is the film-like membrane

TRUE OR FALSE

Pure water has significantly high surface tension.

The soap has caused the tension level to drop closer to the level of resistance found in the bulk of the water

Increases surface tension

Decreases surface tension