1What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane.
2What direction does osmosis occur?
From a region of higher water potential to lower water potential.
3What is water potential?
The likelihood of water molecules to diffuse out of or into a solution.
4What has the highest water potential?
Pure water.
5What happens to water potential when solutes are added?
It becomes lower (more negative).
6What happens if two solutions have the same water potential?
They are isotonic.
7What factors affect the rate of osmosis?
Water potential gradient, surface area, and thickness of the exchange surface.
8How does a steep water potential gradient affect osmosis?
It increases the rate.
9How does the thickness of the exchange surface affect osmosis?
Thinner surfaces speed up osmosis.
10How does surface area affect osmosis?
Larger surface areas increase the rate.
11What are serial dilutions?
A step-by-step process to create solutions of decreasing concentration.
12How do you make a serial dilution?
Dilute a concentrated solution by a factor of 2 multiple times.
13What is the starting solution concentration for a serial dilution?
2M sucrose solution.
14How do you dilute for serial dilutions?
Add 1cm³ of the previous solution to 9cm³ of water.
15What is the point of using serial dilutions?
To test solutions with different water potentials.
16What is the water potential of a potato cell?
It’s where no mass is gained or lost in the potato.
17How do you test water potential of potato cells?
Place potato chips in solutions of different concentrations.
18What happens to potato chips in a lower concentration solution?
They gain water and increase in mass.
19What happens to potato chips in a higher concentration solution?
They lose water and decrease in mass.
20How do you calculate the scale factor for a solution?
Divide the concentration you want by the stock solution concentration.
21What does the calibration curve show?
The concentration at which the potato’s water potential equals the solution’s.
Let me know if you need additional details or adjustments!