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DNA, genes and chromosomes

37 flashcardsby Logan
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1
What is DNA stored in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
2
Where is DNA stored in prokaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm
3
What is a chromosome?
DNA coiled tightly
4
What is DNA in prokaryotes like?
Shorter and circular
5
What is DNA in eukaryotes like?
Linear and associated with proteins
6
What are histones?
Proteins that help package DNA
7
What forms a chromosome in eukaryotes?
DNA wrapped around histones
8
What is DNA’s structure in prokaryotes?
Single circular molecule
9
What is the shape of eukaryotic DNA?
Double helix
10
What is an allele?
Different form of a gene
11
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 (23 pairs)
12
What is a homologous chromosome?
Chromosomes with the same genes
13
What are the different forms of alleles?
Dominant and recessive
14
Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
Cytoplasm
15
What is a gene?
A sequence of DNA coding for a protein
16
What is the function of DNA?
Contains genetic information
17
What are non-coding regions of DNA?
DNA that doesn't code for proteins
18
What does coding DNA do?
Codes for polypeptides
19
What are introns?
Non-coding regions in genes
20
What are exons?
Coding regions in genes
21
What is a DNA triplet?
A group of three nucleotides
22
What does mRNA do?
Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes
23
What is the function of tRNA?
Brings amino acids to ribosomes
24
What are the two types of alleles in a gene?
Dominant and recessive
25
What does the sequence of DNA code for?
Polypeptides
26
What is the difference between alleles?
Slight variations in gene sequences
27
What is a locus?
The position of a gene on a chromosome
28
What are the base pairs in DNA?
A-T, C-G
29
What are the differences between types of chromosomes?
Different numbers, similar structure
30
What is a codon?
A set of three nucleotides in mRNA
31
What is an anticodon?
Complementary sequence to a codon in tRNA
32
What are mutations?
Changes in the DNA sequence
33
What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
They assemble polypeptides from amino acids
34
What does RNA do in protein synthesis?
Transcribes and translates genetic information
35
What are genetic disorders caused by?
Mutations in DNA sequence
36
What does DNA polymerase do?
Links nucleotides together to form DNA strand
37
What does the genetic code dictate?
The sequence of amino acids in proteins

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