LIBERALISM updated

A government whose intervention in the economy is just sufficient to sustain economic activity

Individualism, rationalism,freedom,the state:a necessary evil, liberal democracy,equality and social justice

The exposure to conditions necessary to pursue desired opportunities

The belief that the governments authority is determined by a body of laws or the constitution (eg US constitution)

A principle that suggests that those in society with greater abilities,drive, creativity and work ethics deserve more rewards than those without those qualities.

The belief that individual freedom is associated with a rational sense of self reliance and self interest

The idea that the state is justified in interfering with individual freedom when it is to prevent some citizens doing harm to others

The preservation of individual rights and freedom,personal fulfilment

The absence of external constraints on personal decision making

-equality under law. -equal treatment in society. -abolition of artificial social distinctions

The state is necessary to avoid disorder but evil as it has the potential to remove individual liberty, thus should be limited

Individuals are provided with an equal chance in life, regardless of social class etc

- freedom is under the law, it is a natural right. - role of the gov is to protect people’s right to life liberty and estate

The belief that humans are rational creatures, capable of reason , logic and making their own moral choices, creating a progressive society

The state is based on a contract between the people and the government , individuals are governed by consent and agree to obey the laws

- a positive view of human nature. - an expansion of knowledge. - the application of reason. - a dedication to scientific method

A democracy that balances the will of the people as shown through elections.

A principle that proposes that capitalism and wealth creation are enhanced if the state does not interfere with the markets for goods,services and labour

A state that does not necessarily provide for people directly but creates the conditions where people can help themselves

education provision

The principle that governments should be constrained by strong laws and constitutions

-fundamental liberal belief that all individuals are born with natural rights that entitle them to liberty,pursuit of happiness and avoidance of pain. - all individuals are treated under the law

The willingness to accept the existence of opinions or behaviour that one dislikes or disagrees with

A system of economic management where the state directly intervenes to stimulate the economy to achieve full employment and economic growth

The belief that individuals are of equal value and that they should be treated impartially and fairly by society

Classical and modern

Adam Smith

The idea that the state is not organic but was created by individuals to serve them and act in their interests

J.S Mill and John Locke

Mary Wollenstonecraft, Betty Friedan, John Rawls

She campaigned for change in the law to give women more rights in terms of employment and property ownership, as well as retaining legal freedoms when they married

Life, liberty and estate

Women are as capable as men and that oppressive laws and social views must be overturned.

Humans are guided by self interest but are conserned for others.

The state should only govern by consent

Natural laws and natural rights of society predate the state

Private property is a natural right and the states role is to merely arbitrate between individuals competing for trade and resources

Both men and women are capable of rational thought

Monarchical states should be replaced by republican states that entrench women’s rights.

Society infantilised women and this inhibited female individualism

Liberated women would thrive in and enhance the free-market economy.

Human nature is rational but not fixed and is capable of progressing to higher levels.

The state should be a representative democracy and be mindful of human rights.

Individuality should co exist with tolerance and self -improvement.

Laissez-faire capitalism promotes both individual initiative and progress.

Culture has evolved so that human nature is patriarchal and discriminatory towards women.

Humans can be selfish and value individual freedom.However, they are sympathetic to those less fortunate to them.

The state should intervene in the public sphere to prevent discrimination against women.

An enabling state will assist developmental individualism via public spending on services.

Society is patriarchal and needs reforming

Liberated women would thrive in and enhance the free -market economy.Legislation must prevent women being discriminated against in the workplace.

The states obligation to disadvantaged citizens would temper free-market capitalism.

Rawls’s rationalistic ‘veil of ignorance’ argued that individuals would choose a society that offered opportunities to the less fortunate to improve their condition.

the belief that indivual freedom is associated with a rational sense of self reliance and self interest

modern = enabling state which is larger, classical= minimal state

by limiting power, by limiting jurisdiction, by limiting the elecotrate

they argued for a representative democracy instead of a direct, popular democracy as they feared it might lead to typranny of the majority