quiz 1

Prognosis

Latrogenic

Hereditary

Morbidity

Nausea

Chronic

Degenerative

Prevalence

Virulence

Grading

Hypertrophy

Dysplasia

A neoplasm or neoplastic disease is new, abnormal tissue growth resulting from mutations within the chromosomes of the cell (genetic instability). Classification of the neoplasm depends on the tissue type of the tumor. Neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Only malignant neoplasms are cancer.

The mortality rate is the average number of deaths caused by a particular disease in a population. Monitoring and reporting mortality rates provides the leading causes of death according to gender, race, age, and specific causes of death such as heart disease or malignant neoplasia. Trends in these mortality patterns are identified by age, gender, and ethnic origin and tracked to help identify necessary interventions. The morbidity rate is the incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individual's normal daily routine. Tracking the morbidity rate helps to monitor prevalent illnesses in a particular population or geographic areas.

Acute diseases usually have a quick onset and last for a short period, whereas chronic diseases may manifest more slowly and last for a very long time. Examples of acute illnesses are pneumonia or influenza, whereas examples of chronic illnesses are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or multiple myeloma.

study of disease

any abnormal disturbance of the function or structure of the human body as a result of some type of injury.

he sequence of events producing cellular changes that ultimately lead to observable changes know as Manifestations

subjective sensation that the person feels from the disorder

An objective manifestation that can be detected by the physician

the study of the cause of disease

hospital acquired infection

adverse responses to medical treatment.

cause of disease is unknown

usually has a quick onset, last a short period

may comes on slowly, lasts long time

a condition caused by previously acquired disease.

identification of a disease

predicted course and outcome

The structure of cells or tissue

Require decrease in exposure technique
"ex"- Emphysema

Require increase in exposure technique
"ex"- pneumonia

investigation of disease in large groups.

number of cases found in a given population.

number of new cases found in a given population

disease of high prevalence in an area where a given causative organism is commonly found .

a rapid, widespread occurrence in a large number of people in a population.

an epidemic affecting the majority of a population of a large region or an epidemic occurring at the same time in many different parts of the world.

average number of deaths caused by a disease in a population

National Center for Health Statistics and its the centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

the incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individual's normal daily routine

With the exception of reproductive (germ) cells, each cell in the human body contains 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes, two sex chromosomes (XX or XY), and the small chromosome found in each mitochondria within the cell.

they determine the physical location of a particular gene on a specific chromosome.

they assign the distance between genetic markers, linking DNA fragments to a specific chromosome.

Variations in the DNA sequence due to the change of a single nitrogen base.

comprises closely linked SNPs on a single chromosome, and it is a very important resource in identifying specific DNA sequences that affect disease, response to pharmaceuticals, and response to environmental factors.

decrease in cell size

increase in cell size

increase in number of cells

conversion to another cell type that is not normal.

change in mature cells that is not normal. Precancerous.

Diseases that are present at birth from genetic or environmental factors.

Diseases caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted from either parent to a child.

abnormality present on one of the 22 non-sex chromosomes

Disease that results from the body's reaction to a localized injurious agent

Disease in which the body forms antibodies that injure patient's own tissues

refers to an inflammatory process caused by a disease-causing organism

the ease with which an organism can cause disease.

Disease caused by a deterioration of the body

The sum of all physical and chemical processes int he body

Disease caused by the disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body

Disease that may result from mechanical forces such as crushing or twisting of a body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation on the body

disease that results in new, abnormal tissue growth

composed of well-differentiated cells with uncontrolled growth "BE NICE"

grow fast, spread and invade

Bacteria is distributed around the body through the blood stream.

spread through the blood

neoplasm drains to the sentinel node

if the cancerous cells spread into surrounding tissues by virtue "of proximity"

travel to distant site or organ system

cellular changes that may occur in response to diseases.

general term refers to many types of malignant neoplasms

derived from epithelial tissue

connective tissue cancers

A cancer of white blood cells/leukocytes.

cancer of the lymph nodes

tumor-node-metastasis

The various agents that can induce cell necrosis are local and systemic effects.

Excess mortality is used with the public health to determine the number of deaths that have occurred and the causes from these deaths

The conditions where a Rad Tech might have an encounter with a sickle cell patient is either in X-ray, MRI, CT or in ultrasound. Some sickle cell can be diagnosed or monitored with either of these imaging test.

Osteoclasts

Synarthrodial

Cancellous bone

Metaphysis

Osteosarcoma

Achondroplasia

Juvenile arthritis

Talipes equinovarus

Scoliosis

Osteomyelitis

All of the above

Osteoarthritis

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

Osteochondroma

Enchondroma

MRI is extremely useful in the evaluation of joints, particularly the knee and the shoulder, particularly in providing soft tissue detail because of its superior contrast resolution and ability to image in multiple planes.

The condition is most likely developmental dysplasia of the hip. Sonography may be used to diagnose this anomaly early in life through visualization of the cartilaginous structures of the hip. Conventional radiographs of the hip are often difficult to interpret in the neonate.

CT and MRI are useful in distinguishing enchondromas from chondrosarcomas and both modalities may be used to guide a biopsy of the neoplasm.

The spine is the most common site for bone metastasis to occur, accounting for approximately 40% of all metastatic lesions. CT is often employed, especially for imaging the spine and MRI may also be used to differentiate between tumor tissue and normal bone marrow. Recently whole body FDG-PET, whole body MRI, MRI-PET, and CT-PET have been advocated for imaging metastatic disease.

Primary bone tumors are more common in children than in adults, and metastatic bone lesions far outnumber the incidence of primary bone neoplasms in the adult. The most common benign tumors are osteoma, osteochondroma, and giant cell tumor. The primary malignant bone tumors are osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and multiple myeloma. The diagnosis of a bone abnormality is often made radiographically on the basis of the individual's age, the pattern of bone destruction, the location of the tumor, and the tumor's position within the bone.

A hereditary, congenital disturbance that causes inadequate bone formation and results in a peculiar form of dwarfism

A form of osteosclerotic osteopetrosis

Congenital absence of the cranial vault

A solitary benign osteoplastic serum or blood-filled lesion of the bone

A form of rheumatoid arthritis of unknown cause that affects the spine in a progressive fashion, eventually fusing the spine into a rigid block of bone

Inflammation in which lesions are confined to the joints

inflammation of a bursa

Bone that has a spongy, lattice-like structure filled with bone marrow

A malignant bone tumor composed of atypical cartilage

complex deformity of the ankle and foot

Dense, outer portion of bone

Premature or early closure of the sutures of the skull

An overgrowth of bone of the face and skull, resulting in sclerosis and major skeletal deformities

Abnormal tissue development

Shaft of a long bone

The spongy bone tissue found between the two tables of the cranial bones

A benign growth of cartilage arising in the metaphysis of a bone

An ossification or growth center in the bones of children

A gram-negative bacterium found in the large intestine that may produce a toxin causing intestinal illness

A primary malignant bone tumor arising in medullary tissue, occurring more often in cylindric bones

A benign bone growth projecting outward from the bony cortex

A bone disorder in which fibrous tissue develops instead of bone tissue

Cystic swelling that develops in connection with a tendon sheath, usually on the back of the wrist

A neoplastic growth of the skeletal system consisting of numerous multinucleated osteoclastic giant cells

An inherited metabolic disorder with excess amounts of uric acid produced and deposited in the joint and adjacent bone, most commonly in the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe

A thickening of the inner side of the frontal bone as a result of a benign tumor

A shell or sheath of new supporting bone laid down by periosteum around a sequestrum of necrosed bone

A form of arthritis causing joint inflammation and stiffness affecting individuals under 16 years of age

A congenital condition resulting in fusion of the cervical spine

Inner spongy or cancellous portion of a long bone where bone marrow is produced

The growing portion of bone

degenerative joint disease

tumors of the bone arising from osteoblasts

bone forming cells

a primary benign bone tumor characterized by overgrowth of cartilage and bone near end of the bone at the growth plate.

Giant cell tumor

cells that are associated with absorption and removal of the bone

brittle bone disease

benign tumor of bone

infection of the bone

marble bone disease

bone spurs

the tough membrane that covers the outside of the bone

extra fingers or toes

tuberculosis of the spine

joint pain and stiffness associated with psoriasis

Joint pain and swelling triggered by an infection in another part of the body

a chronic progressive disease causing inflammation in the joints and resulting in painful deformity and immobility, especially in the fingers, wrists, feet, and ankles.

a growth condition causing kyphosis of the thoracic spine

lateral curvature of the spine

piece of dead bone

a benign fluid-filled bone neoplasm

A birth defect in which a developing baby's spinal cord fails to develop properly.

a common bacteria found on the skin

fused digits

inflammation of a tendon

inflammation of a tendon sheath

the spongy substance found within a bone, it gives a characteristic appearance to bone details

The arrangement of supportive strands of connective tissue of the alveolar bone in relation to the bone marrow spaces within the cancellous bone

a vertebra that assumes the characteristics of the vertebrae on each side of a major spine division.

any of the infectious diseases of man and animals caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, generally affecting the lungs.