1what is anabolism
the production of large molecules from small ones
2what is the backbone of dna made of
sugar (deoxyribose and phosphate)
3what are lipids
structural components of cell membrane/ provides energy
4what are carbohydrates
provides fuel for cell metabolism
5what are enzymes
proteins that are needed for biochemical reactions to occur
6what are hormones
proteins responsible for growth, development and regulating body functions
7what are the two major components of the cell
nucleus and cytoplasm
8where is dna located
nucleus
9what is protein synthesis
metabolic production of proteins
10what is mitochondria
known as cell engine. protein production
11what is lysomes
is suicide component of cell
12what is the most abundant atom
hydrogen
13what is endoplasmic reticulum
highway of cell, communicates nucleus and cytoplasm
14what is the most abundant molecule
h20
15what are the monosaccharides
glucose
16what do proteins function as
enzymes, hormones and antibodies
17where are hormones produced
endocrine glands
18what is the most radiation sensitive target molecule
DNA
19what does water do
delivers energy to target molecules
20where is rna located
cytoplasm
21what is catabolism
breaking down of macromolecules to smaller units
22what are antibodies
body’s defense mechanism against infection and disease
23how does water interact with other molecules
binds to make form
24how does radiation affect humans
at the atomic level
25what is important for proper metabolism
anabolism and catabolism
26what is the cell theory
all plants and animals contain cells as their basic functional unit
27what is the approximate dose of radiation required to produce measurable change in a macromolecule?
1 mRad or 10kGy
28what percentage of water makes up human structure
80%
29what is the most abundant atom
hydrogen
30what is the most abundant molecule
h20
31how does water interact with other molecules
binds to other molecules to provide form
32what does water do?
delivers energy to target molecule
33what is important for proper metabolism
anabolism and catabolism
34what is anabolism
production of large molecules from small ones such as protein synthesis
35what is catabolism
breaking down of macromolecules into simpler parts
36what is protein synthesis
metabolic production of proteins
37what are three examples of proteins
enzymes, hormones, antibodies
38what is an enzyme
protein needed for biochemical reactions
39what are hormones
needed for growth and development. regulates bonds functions and is produced by endocrine glands
40what is an antibody
bodies self defense mechanism against diseases and infection
41how much of the human body is made of protein
15%
42what are lipids
structural components of cell membrane, provides energy
43what are carbohydrates
provides fuel for cell metabolism
44what is a monosacchride
glucose
45where is dna located
nucleus
46where is rna located
cytoplasm
47what is the most radiosensitive target molecule
dna
48what is the backbone of dna made of
deoxyrose and phosphate (sugar)
49what are the two major components of the cell
nucleus and cytoplasm
50what is the endoplasmic reticulum
highway of cell. communicates nucleus to cytoplasm
51what is the mitochondria
cells engine. power house of cell. center of protein synthesis
52what are lysomes
cells suicide component. cleaners of the cell from infection or foreign bodies
53what is codon
genetic code
54what is steps of protein synthesis
codon>mRNA>endoplasmic reticulum>ribosomes> tRNA>amino acid>ribosome>protein molecule
55what are the stages of mitosis
interphase>propose>metaphase>anaphase>telophase
56what happens during the S phase of interphase
2 identical daughter dna created
57when can chromosomes be studied for radiation damage
metaphase
58what does meiosis result in
cells with 23 chromosomes each
59most tissue in the body is composed of what
muscle
60what are immature cells
stem, undifferentiated, precursor cells (more radiosensitive then mature cells)
61what determines an organs radiosensitivity
function, maturity, cell type radiosensitivty
62level of radiosensitivty of lymphatic, bone marrow and gonads
high 2-10Gy
63what are most radiosensitive tissues
gonads, lymphatic and bone marrow
64level of radiosensitivty of muscle, brain and spinal
low (over 50Gy)
65level of radiosensitivty of skin, cornea, growing bone?
intermediate (10-50Gy)
66level of sensitivity of kidney, liver, thyroid, gi tract
intermediate (10-50Gy)