Hematopoeisis

Process defined as the formation of blood cells

Specific cluster of differentiation (CD) marker for classical hematopoietic stem cells

Approximate start time of embryonic hematopoietic development after fertilization

Theory suggesting each blood cell lineage is derived from its own unique stem cell

Theory suggesting all blood cells are derived from a single progenitor stem cell

Identity of the single progenitor stem cell in the Monophyletic Theory

The most widely accepted theory among experimental hematologists

Chief site of hematopoiesis during the Mesoblastic/Megaloblastic phase

Timing of the first blood cell formation (primitive erythroblasts) in weeks

Three types of embryonic hemoglobin produced by primitive erythroblasts

The specific location where yolk sac hematopoiesis occurs, differing from later stages

Chief site of hematopoiesis during the Hepatic phase

The predominant hemoglobin during the Hepatic phase

The first fully developed organ in the fetus and major site of T cell production

Organs responsible for producing B cells during the Hepatic phase

Chief site of hematopoiesis during the Medullary/Myeloid phase

Timing when hematopoiesis starts in the bone marrow cavity

Age by which the bone marrow becomes the chief site of hematopoiesis

Organs in adults that contain hematopoietic tissues other than the bone marrow

Cell types developing in the bone marrow

Avian organ equivalent to the human bone marrow in terms of lymphoid function

Number of RBCs generated per kilogram of body weight daily

Number of Granulocytes generated per kilogram of body weight daily

Number of Platelets generated per kilogram of body weight daily

Process of replacing red marrow by yellow marrow during development

Age range when retrogression typically occurs

Four specific bones where red marrow is restricted in the adult

Composition ratio of red and yellow marrow in restricted adult areas

Conditions that may cause yellow marrow to revert back to active red marrow

Characterization of red marrow

Characterization of yellow marrow

Two primary lymphoid organs

Primary lymphoid organ where B lymphocytes are derived and fated

Primary lymphoid organ where T lymphocytes are derived

Organ that increases in size during fetal development and undergoes atrophy with aging

Two major secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs

Two major functions of secondary lymphoid organs

Identity of the largest secondary lymphoid organ

Major organ in the body where antibodies are synthesized and released into circulation

Three bacteria primarily responsible for sepsis in children after a splenectomy

Small ovoid, bean-shaped structures normally less than 1 cm in diameter

Term for a solid tumor neoplasm of lymphoid tissue

Term for the surgical removal of the spleen

Term for the enlargement of the spleen

Primary risk in adults following a splenectomy

Minor secondary lymphoid organ that detects and responds to antigens in the respiratory and alimentary secretions

Clusters of lymphocytes in the lining of the small intestine that detect substances diffusing across the intestinal epithelium

General term for unencapsulated lymphoid tissues underlying mucosal areas

Organ capable of maintaining hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells when bone marrow fails

Process of blood cell production occurring outside of the bone marrow

Preferred sites for bone marrow aspiration in adults

Bone marrow collection site preferred for children under 2 years old

Specific bone marrow collection site located in the chest

Examples of neoplasia requiring bone marrow diagnosis and staging

Examples of marrow failure (cytopenias) requiring examination

Metabolic disorders indicated for bone marrow examination

Infections that may be diagnosed via bone marrow

Recommended minimum number of cells to be counted for a marrow differential

Number of slides used for a 500-cell count marrow differential

Bone marrow procedure that disturbs bone marrow architecture and is used for individual cell morphology

Required duration for retaining bone marrow smears

Bone marrow procedure that removes a cylinder of gelatinous red marrow intact

Primary advantage of a bone marrow biopsy over an aspirate

Definition of the M:E (myeloid-to-erythroid) ratio

Specific cell types excluded from the myeloid cell count in the M:E ratio

Reference range for the M:E ratio in healthy adult individuals

Two primary organs where extramedullary hematopoiesis mainly occurs

Clinical conditions that trigger extramedullary hematopoiesis

The best source of active marrow for a 20-year-old

Body's response when bone marrow is unable to meet increased demand in severe anemia