study guide week 3 105

Adequately trained technicians play a vital role in the practice of extemporaneous compounding, including research, actual compounding of medications, and marketing

1. obtain recipe
2. Write compounding worksheet
3. collect all ingredients and equipment
4.weigh each and verify by pharm
5. follow directions of the formula
6.package and label
7. have pharm do final check
8. clean workstation and equipment

Liquid blender, Glass mortar and pestle

Electronic mortar and pestel, ointmet tile making

Stirring rods

The patient with specific needs

Solid dosage form that can be taken orally, vaginally or under the skin

Solid form of active ingredients and excipients are enclosed in a gelatin that will disolve in the stomach

Ointments, Gels, Emulsions, Paste

A water soluble chemical dissolved in the water phase of the compound

Another type of liquid or semisolid preparation that can be taken orally for applied topically

Solid dosage form that may be administered orally, sublingually, vaginally, or under the skin

A liquid preparation that contains insoluble solid particles uniformly dispersed throughout the vehicle. Must be shaken prior to use

Medicated sticks are a unique dosage form used for topical application of local anesthetics, sunscreens, antivirals, antibiotics, and cosmetics

Suspension for external use, made of powdered medication in a liquid mixture

Semi Solid systems consisting of suspensions made up of small inorganic particles or large organic molecules interpenetrated by a liquid.

Semisolid dosage gels that have special absorption enhancers that “push” the medication through the layers of the skin so that the medication can be absorbed into the bloodstream, also known as PLO GEL

Soft opaque solid that is usally applied externally

Stiff, or very viscous, ointments that do not melt or soften at body temperature

Wetting agent may be necessary in geometric dilution to ensure even dispersion when adding active ingredients to creams (

The process of reducing the particle size of a substance by grinding also known as comminuting

Liquids that don't mix or are not soluble together

Used to hold two liquids together

A paste

Preparations for the eye and may be in the form of a solution, a suspension, or an ointment.

4-11

The eye generally tolerates a PH range of 4 to 11

Some common dosage forms that can be effectively compounded are capsules, liquids, transdermal gels, creams, ointments, suppositories and chewables

May take the form of solutions, suspensions, gels, or ointments and may be used locally or systemically

geriatric patients may not be able to swallow medications they once could. Sometimes they need dosage forms that may not be available on the market such as changing from a pill form to a solution

Pt can have certain allergies or sensitivities to ingredients, thus compounded products are required.

An option for helping children get the medications they need in a suitable form.

One of the fastest growing areas of pharmaceutical compounding.

On the basis of milligrams per kilogram of body weight

Patient compliance, makes it more attractive and palatable

? Older patients may require added amounts of flavor

Infants and children because they have more tastebuds and are more sensitive to taste, the palate of a newborn has not been exposed to a wide variety of tastes; therefore will not require a strong flavor as an older patient

Because it ensures patient compliance in medication administration.

Sweet tastes such as raspberry, bubblegum, marshmallow, berry, vanilla, etc.

Bitter flavors such as coffee, chocolate, cherry, anise, grapefruit, or mint.

Liver, tuna, salmon, chicken, shrimp, and beef.

Mortar and pestle- used to achieve homogeneity (the quality or state of being all the same kind) of mixing

Excipients flavoring and coloring. Don’t have therapeutic actions.

reforms pharmacological effects.

Pharmaceutical calculations have great potential for error as a misplaced decimal point can have devastating results on the patient

Provides guidance on applying good compounding practices in the preparation of non sterile compounded formulations for dispensing and/or administration to humans or animals

Food and Drug Administration, removes and discontinues drugs that are unsafe from the market

In 1938 50% of prescriptions were compounded and it has increased since.

The need for compounded medications are because of discontinuation of drugs, the removal of some drugs, and when the desired strength isn’t available. Compounded medications are tailored made for the patients.

this is used to create both hard and soft shell capsules

A solid dosage form administered orally to be dissolved in the mouth

a interchangeable term for lozenge, but sometimes prepared in soft form

solid transdermal gel

Available for veterinary pharmaceutical compounding and is made from a base of ground food product and gelatin mixed with the active ingredient.

A voluntary quality accreditation designation for the compounding industry.

To create a voluntary quality accreditation for the compounding industry and to improve quality of compounding, provide competitive edge in the marketplace, achieve homogeneity of mixing , offer validation for compounding facilities, strengthen community confidence

local effect occurs on the site of action, systemic effects the liver, kidneys, heart, or CNS.

a solid dosage form used to administer medication by way of the rectum, vagina, or urethral tract, melts and dissolves at body temperature, absorbs the medication into surrounding tissues

a solid dosage form in which the active ingredient and any excipients are enclosed in a soluble gelatin shell that will dissolve in the stomach.

liquid containing ingredients that are not soluble in the vehicle.

a solid dosage form that may be administered orally, sublingually, vaginally, or under the skin.

The typical components of a good QA program include: standard operating procedures (SOPs), formulation records, compounding worksheets, ingredient record

Technique of starting with the ingredient of the smallest amount and doubling the portion by adding the other ingredients, in order of quantity, until fully mixed

Traditional pharmacies have already pre-made manufactured medications, while compounding pharmacies have a designated area to make compounded medications. To make the unique need of an individual patient.

Those who work in a traditional pharmacy need to maintain a good partnership and communication with those who work in a compound pharmacy, and vise versa, to ensure quality service to the patients