1What is globalisation?
Increasing global connections through trade, politics, culture, technology and transport
2What are the 2 trends globalisation has caused?
Growth of international tourism and diversification of tourist-generating regions
3How has globalisation caused the growth of international tourism?
More information about destinations + better global connectivity → increased travel demand and accessibility
4How has globalisation caused the diversification of tourist-generating and destination regions?
More tourists from emerging economies and more destinations in developing countries gaining popularity
5How is the demand for tourism changing?
Growing interest in lesser-known destinations and new tourism experiences
6What are remote destinations?
Isolated areas far from urban centres with limited infrastructure and employment
7Why has globalisation increased travel to remote destinations?
Social media raises awareness, online booking improves access, transport advances increase accessibility
8What are second cities?
Lesser-known destinations promoted to reduce pressure on overcrowded tourist hotspots
9How has globalisation increased travel to second cities?
Social media and online platforms increase awareness among travellers
10What is adventure tourism?
Travel involving challenging outdoor activities in natural environments
11What is heritage tourism?
Travel to experience culture, traditions and history
12What is sports tourism?
Travel to watch or participate in sporting events
13What is health tourism?
Travel for medical treatment or physical, mental and spiritual wellness
14What are mass market tour operators?
Companies that provide package tours for large numbers of tourists
15What makes mass market tour operators attractive?
All-inclusive packages, lower prices from bulk buying, trusted expertise and support
16What are small specialist tour operators?
Companies specialising in niche destinations or tourism experiences
17What makes small specialist tour operators attractive?
Specialised expertise, personalised recommendations and highly customised tours
18How is tourism marketing changing from traditional print to online media?
Tourists increasingly research and book trips through online platforms
19How are employment opportunities a positive economic impact of tourism?
Tourism creates jobs for people with different skills and qualifications
20How is income generation from tourist spending a positive economic impact of tourism?
Tourist spending generates income and tax revenue that can improve public services and living standards
21How are economic leakages a negative economic impact of tourism?
Tourism revenue leaves the country through foreign businesses, imports and foreign workers
22Why does overdependence on tourism create economic vulnerability?
Tourism downturns can cause major income losses when alternative industries are limited
23What is the effect of natural disasters on tourism?
Damage to infrastructure and safety concerns reduce tourist arrivals
24What is the effect of unfavourable political situations on tourism?
Riots, protests and travel advisories discourage tourism
25What is the impact of an economic downturn on tourism?
Lower disposable incomes reduce demand for travel
26What is the impact of disease outbreaks on tourism?
Fear of infection and border restrictions reduce travel
27How is cultural preservation a positive social impact of tourism?
Tourism provides incentives and funding to protect cultural practices and heritage
28How is enhancement of cultural ecosystem services a positive social impact of tourism?
Provides aesthetic, educational, recreational and spiritual benefits
29How is commodification of cultural practices a negative social impact of tourism?
Culture is altered or commercialised to meet tourist demand, reducing authenticity
30How are cultural clashes a negative social impact of tourism?
Insensitive tourist behaviour can create tension with local communities
31How is rise in crime a negative social impact of tourism?
Tourists become targets for theft and crime due to valuables and visibility
32How may interactions between local communities and tourists influence tourism impacts?
Greater inequalities between tourists and locals increase the likelihood of negative social impacts
33How does tourism impact the environment?
Tourism can both support and degrade natural environments and ecosystem services
34How is conservation of natural environments and biodiversity a positive environmental impact of tourism?
Tourism revenue funds protected areas and habitat conservation
35How is restoration of degraded ecosystems a positive environmental impact of tourism?
Tourism creates incentives to restore damaged ecosystems through conservation projects
36How can tourism result in pollution through greenhouse gas emissions?
Transport and accommodation use fossil fuels, releasing greenhouse gases
37How can tourism result in pollution through inadequate sewage facilities and improper waste disposal?
Littering and untreated wastewater degrade land and water environments
38How is depletion of natural resources a negative environmental impact of tourism?
High tourist demand increases consumption of resources such as water
39How are threats to wildlife habitats a negative environmental impact of tourism?
Tourism development and tourist activities destroy or disturb habitats