1What is the incident ray?
A light ray going towards a surface
2What's a reflected ray?
A light ray going away from a surface
3What is the normal?
An imaginary line that's perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence
4What is the first law of reflection?
It states that the incident ray, reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane
5What is the second law of reflection?
It states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
6What are the 5 characteristics of a plane mirror image?
Upright, same size as object, virtual, laterally inverted and object distance from mirror is the same as image distance from mirror
7What is a virtual image?
An image where no light rays will meet at its position and hence it cannot be captured on a screen
8What does the field of view on a mirror depend on?
It depends on the length of the plane mirror and the position of the observer
9What are the guidelines to follow when drawing light rays?
Object distance & size = image distance & size, virtual rays and virtual images behind mirrors must be made with dotted lines
10What is refraction?
The bending of light when it travels from one optical medium to another that has a different optical density
11What is the refracted ray?
A light ray that enters a medium and changes direction
12What is the emergent ray?
the ray of light that emerges from a medium after being refracted
13What is the first law of refraction?
The incident Ray, refracted Ray, and normal at the point of incidence all lie on the same plane.
14What is the second law of refraction?
For two given media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is a constant, that is, sin i/ sin r
15What is the refractive index?
The ratio of speed of light in a vacuum to its speed of light in the medium.
16What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
$3.0 \times 10^8 m/s$
17What's the formula to find the refractive index via speed?
$n = \frac{c}{v}$ where c = speed of light in a vacuum and v = speed of light in the medium
18What's the formula to find the refractive index via angle of incidence and refraction assuming one of the medium is air?
$n = \frac{sin \space i}{sin \space r}$ where i = angle of incidence in a vacuum and r = angle of refraction in the medium
19What is the same formula for refractive index but there is no air as an optical medium
$n = \frac{sin \space angle \space in \space less \space dense}{sin \space single \space in \space more \space dense}$
20In what scenario does a light ray refract towards the normal and why?
When it travels from an optically less dense to an optically denser medium as the speed of light decreases
21In what scenario does a light ray refract away the normal and why?
When it travels from an optically denser medium to an optically less dense medium as the speed of light increases
22When the angle of incidence = 0, what is the angle of refraction?
0
23What point must a light ray be at for it to not be refracted when hitting a circle/semi-circle
The middle point, commonly labelled O
24What is apparent depth?
The depth that an object appears to be at due to the refraction of light in a transparent medium