1What are acids?
They are substances which produce hydrogen ions (H+) when they are dissolved in water
2What are the physical properties of acids?
Sour taste, soluble in water to form solutions which conduct electricity due to precence of mobile ions carrying electric current when potential difference is applied, pH value < 7, turns moist blue litmus paper red
3Acid + (reactive) metal gives?
Salt + Hydrogen
4Hydrochloric acid + zinc gives?
Zinc chloride + hydrogen
5What test is acid + (reactive) metal associated with?
A test where when a lighted wooden splint is placed into the gas given by the reacted substance, it extinguishes with a pop sound
6Which metals are unreactive with acids?
Copper, Mercury, Bronze, Silver, Gold & Platinum
7Acid + carbonate gives?
Salt + carbon dioxide + water
8Hydrochloric acid + sodium carbonate gives?
Sodium Chloride + Carbon Dioxide + Water
9What test is acid + carbonate associated with?
It is a test where when the gas produced is bubbled through lime water (calcium hydroxide solution), a white precipiate (calcium carbonate) is formed
10What is a base?
It is any metal oxide or hydroxide, meaning it contains either oxide ions (O2) or hydroxide ions (OH-)
11Acid + base gives?
Salt + Water
12Sulfuric acid + zinc oxide gives?
Zinc sulfate + water
13What are soluble bases called?
Alkali
14What bases are soluble in water
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium hydroxide (KOH) , Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) , Aqueous ammonia (NH3)
15What makes a substance a base rather than an alkali
The fact that it does not react with or dissolve in water
16What is an alkali?
It is a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water
17What are the physical properties of alkali?
Bitter taste and soapy feel, soluble in water to form solutions which conduct electricity due to precence of mobile ions carrying electric current when potential difference is applied, pH value >7, turns moist red litmus paper blue
18Alkali + acid gives?
salt + water
19Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide gives?
Sodium chloride + water
20What is the ionic equation for all neutralisation reactions?
H+ (acid) + OH-(alkali) —> H2O (water)
21Alkali + ammonium salt gives?
Salt + water + ammonia (NH3)
22Sodium hydroxide + ammonium chloride gives?
Sodium chloride + water + ammonia
23What is the scale of pH’s range
1-14
24What does it mean if a substance is very acidic compared to one that is slightly acidic
It has a higher concentration of H+ ions
25What does it mean if a substance is very alkaline compared to one that is slightly alkaline
It has a higher concentration of OH- ions
26What is the universal indicator
It is a mixture of different indicators. It gives different colours of different pH and comes in 2 types, paper and solution
27In what soil do plants grow best in
When it is slightly acidc or neutral at 6-7 pH
28What is the difference between metal oxides and non-metal oxides?
Metal oxides are solids at rtp while non-metal oxides are gases
29What do basic oxides include?
All metal oxides except for ZAP
30What do basic oxides react with and form
They react with acids to form salt and water
31Which of the basic oxides are soluble in water
Sodium oxide, Potassium oxide, Calcium oxide
32What do amphoteric oxides react with and form
They react with acids and alkali to form water and salt
33Are amphoteric oxides soluble in water?
No
34What do amphoteric oxides include
Zinc Oxide (ZnO), Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) & Lead Oxide (PbO), ZAP
35What is the difference between acidic oxides and neutral oxides?
Acidic oxides react with alkalis to form salt and water while neutral oxides don’t
36Which acidic oxides are soluble in water and which aren’t respectively?
Gases and solids
37Are neutral oxides soluble in water?
No
38What do neutral oxides include
NO, CO & H2O
39Which acidic oxide is insoluble in water
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) aka sand
40Which acidic oxides are soluble in water
Nitrogen dioxde (NO2), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Phosphorus Pentoxide (P2O5)