1What is the periodic table
It is a list of elements arranged in order of increasing proton (atomic) numbers
2How many groups does the periodic table have?
18
3Are periods horizontal or vertical rows
Horizontal
4The number of electron shells an element has is equal to?
Its period number
5Elements in the same group have?
The same number of valence electrons
6What type of properties do group 1, 2 & 13 elements have?
Metallic
7What type of properties do group 14 elements have?
Metalloid
8What type of properties do group 15 - 18 elements have?
Non-metallic
9What are the group 1 elements called
Alkali metals
10What are the physical properties of alkali metals
Soft and can be cut easily, low melting and boiling points and have low densities
11What is unique about lithium, sodium and potassium in alkali metals?
They float on water
12Going down group 1, what happens to the element properties?
the melting points decrease, the densities increase and the reactivity with water & air increases
13Why do group 1 elements with higher proton numbers have higher reactivity?
As the atoms get bigger, the outer electron gets further away from the nucleus. This makes the attractive force of the nucleus on the electron weaker meaning it is easier for the atom to lose that electron and react more easily
14Why do group 1 elements with higher proton numbers have lower melting points?
The elements have more electron shells, which means a greater distance between the nucleus and outer electron shell, so there is a weaker force of metallic bonds between the nucleus and outer electron shell which requires little energy to break
15What do group 1 elements react with
Water to form metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
16Lithium + water gives?
Lithium Hydroxide + hydrogen / 2LiOH (aq) + H2 (g)
17What are group 17 elements called?
Halogens
18Halogens always exist as?
Diatomic atoms
19What are the physical properties of halogens
low melting and boiling points, and are coloured
20What are the colours and state of chlorine, bromine and iodine at rtp respectively?
yellow-green gas, red-brown liquid and purple-black solid
21Going down group 17, what happens to the element properties?
melting and boiling points increase, the colours become darker & the reactivity decreases
22Why do group 17 elements with higher proton numbers have lower reactivity?
As the atoms get bigger, the the attractive force of the nucleus is weaker which makes it more difficult to attract 1 more electron
23Why do group 17 elements with higher proton numbers have higher melting points?
the molecules get larger, which increases the van der Waals forces between them, requiring more energy to break
24What is a displacement reaction?
It is where 1 element takes place of another in a compound and only happens on halogens with halide solutions
25When does a displacement reaction occur?
When a halogen reacts with halide solution where it is more reactive than the halogen in the halide solution
26Chlrorine + sodium bromide gives?
Sodium chloride + bromine, solution colour is red-brown / 2NaCl + Br2 (all aqueous)
27What are group 18 elements called?
Noble or inert gases
28What are the physical properties of noble gases?
monoatomic non-metals, colourless gases at rtp, low melting and boiling points & insoluble in water
29Why are noble gases unreactive?
Helium has 2 valence electrons while the rest of the elements have 8 meaning they have completely filled electron shells making them unreactive