Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids - 17
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1
What is the functional group and general formula for alcohols?
Hydroxyl & $C_nH_{2n+1}OH$ where n is greater than or equal to 1
2
What is the suffix for alcohols?
-anol
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What are the physical properties of alcohols?
Low Melting & boiling point, highly flammable, soluble in water
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What are the chemical properties of alcohols?
Alcohols are known as clean fuels always undergoing complete combustion to produce carbon dioxide & water. Alcohols undergoing oxidation when heated with acidified potassium manganate (VII) to produce carboxylic acid and water
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How does flammability & solubility change in alcohols?
They decrease down the series; For flammability, as percentage of carbon increases, tendency to go into incomplete combustion is higher and flame produced is smokier
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How does melting & boiling point and viscosity change in alcohols?
It increases down the series; as the size and mass of the molecules increase down the series, the intermolecular forces of attraction between the molecules increases, resulting in members showing a gradation in physical properties
10
How is ethanol produced?
It can be produced from glucose solution through alcoholic fermentation
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What are the conditions to produce ethanol?
About 37°C, presence of yeast & anaerobic conditions
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What is the equation for producing ethanol?
$C_6H_{12}O_6 \space (aq) \rightarrow 2C_2H_5OH \space(aq) +2CO_2 \space (g)$
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What are the uses of producing ethanol?
Used in alcoholic drinks; as a solvent to dissolve substances insoluble in water & as a fuel in cars and in cooking
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What is the functional group and general formula for carboxylic acids?
Carboxyl & $C_nH_{2n+1}CO_2H$ where n is greater than or equal to 0
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What are the physical properties and their trends of carboxylic acids?
Soluble in water and low melting & boiling point both increasing down the series
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What are the chemical properties of carboxylic acids?
They are weak acids as they only partially ionize when dissolving in water and react with metals, carbonates and bases
17
How to produce ethanoic acid?
It is a colourless liquid at room temperature and is fomed by the oxidation of ethanol. The 2 ways of producing ethonoic acid from ethanol are by acidified potassium manganate (VII) & by atmospheric oxygen
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What are the conditions for ethanoic acid to be produced by acidified potassium manganate (VII) and atmospheric oxygen?
Heat and bacteria respectively
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What is the equation for producing ethanoic acid by acidified potassium manganate (VII)?
$C_2H_5OH \space (aq) + 2O \rightarrow CH_3COOH \space (aq) + H_2O \space (l)$
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What is the equation for producing ethanoic acid by atmospheric oxygen?
$C_2H_5OH \space (aq) + O_2 \space (g) \rightarrow CH_3COOH \space (aq) + H_2O \space (l)$